Ethiopia's flag    Ethiopia


Official language: Amharic, English
Currency: Ethiopia Birr
Capital City: Addis Ababa
Area: 1104300km2
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs


126527.1K
2023

Mid-year population
99.3B
2021

GDP at current prices, USD
46.8
2021

Under five mortality rate
85.5
2022

Primary enrolment ratio
Population and migration
United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)2.782.682.752.692.652.662.652.562.522.51
Population - Urban (%)19.0019.4019.9020.30
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)60.661.161.662.362.663.162.561.962.663.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)1.972.59
Population - Female (thousands)49,55050,91152,32553,77955,24656,74558,28459,84061,40062,981
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)6.926.91
Population - Urban (thousands)18,49719,40320,34321,31722,32823,37624,46325,59026,75527,960
Total fertility rate (per woman)4.64.54.54.44.34.34.24.24.14.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)5.035.16
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)3.063.23
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)7.827.62
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)6.056.06
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)11.9012.02
Population - Urban (%)19.0019.4319.8720.3120.7621.2321.7022.1722.6623.16
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)4.014.16
Population - Total (thousands)99,747102,472105,293108,198111,129114,121117,191120,283123,380126,527
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)1.962.27
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)62.963.764.464.865.465.865.465.065.666.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)8.208.97
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)7.977.69
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)65.466.367.367.568.468.868.468.368.969.8
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)11.8811.99
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)15.5213.80
Population - Male (thousands)50,19651,56052,96954,41955,88357,37558,90760,44361,98063,546
Population - Female (%)49.6849.6849.6949.7049.7149.7249.7349.7549.7649.78
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)14.28-1.36
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)7.727.53
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)4.784.734.684.634.594.554.504.454.404.35
Population - Male (%)49.9749.9950.0050.0150.0250.0350.03
Health
World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
58.555.352.249.446.944.842.841.0
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)34.00
73.069.265.662.259.256.654.452.2
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)27.0028.00
73.069.265.662.259.256.654.452.2
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)25.20
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
58.555.352.249.446.944.842.841.0
65.962.459.056.053.250.948.746.8
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)33.1032.00
65.962.459.056.053.250.948.746.8
Education
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)103.45105.76107.92102.17101.8696.78119.33106.6588.72
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)35.0735.61
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)49.6271.97
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)29.9530.31
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)64.3
Literacy rate - Female (%)44.42
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)8,280,4918,567,4338,941,8749,035,1238,691,07010,824,9419,753,3928,194,749
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)0.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)3.2
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)82.1881.4583.15
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)87.9787.7391.17
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)1.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)2.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)0.6
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)0.50.60.60.60.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)2.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)37.34
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)49.0951.77
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)10.93
Primary completion rate - Female (%)45.9047.9049.3151.7053.6055.6556.70
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)5.85.96.76.0
Literacy rate - Total (%)51.77
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)2.4
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)0.90.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)6.06.27.06.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)2.1
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)41.0944.42
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)34.1534.94
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)34.04
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)31.2
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)38.25
Literacy rate - Male (%)59.24
Primary completion rate - Total (%)41.1042.4049.6945.0046.2054.1848.50
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)99.25100.97102.9797.9297.5192.70114.56102.6885.53
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)8.12
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)0.4
Primary completion rate - Male (%)49.4051.7048.9756.4058.7057.0863.10
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)71.4273.52
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)94.9796.0997.9293.5093.0088.47109.6198.5682.23
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)33.2034.25
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)5.26
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)69.4861.2972.75
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)1.01.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)39.29
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)30.2331.30
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)0.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)6.36.57.36.5
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)57.2159.24
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)85.1084.6287.21
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)30.0930.81
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)15,733,27616,198,04716,844,90616,997,65016,358,32920,419,15218,447,49715,521,017
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)32.83
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)33.3839.28
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)7,452,7857,630,6147,903,0327,962,5277,667,2599,594,2118,694,1057,326,268
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)
National accounts
United Nations Statistics Division
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)1,0611,2981,5281,804
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)54.263.170.375.6
Prices
Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period6.899.576.6310.6913.8315.8120.35-42.7933.88
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year6.519.386.1516.5010.5819.5118.18-39.0833.81
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)6.899.576.6310.6913.8315.8120.35-42.7933.88
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)607.03667.90712.48778.14
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100187.10205.00218.59241.95275.41318.96383.88219.63294.02
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)7.1110.036.679.2213.8315.8120.3513.13
Energy
African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)9,20110,43710,85611,330
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)0000
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)6,5297,2687,5097,787
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)4142404041
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)498544.74551.39
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)2.32.44.34.34.3
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)2,5132,9283,1153,327
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)2,5272,7782,784
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)8,3389,67410,35110,825
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)9444
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Tourism
World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)770.0
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)8.518.356.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)9.339.236.80
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)770.0864.0871.0933.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)3337.9436.2
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)2,1072,2792,1382,5053,5483,5292,282
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)283.0372.0461.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)22.323.525.536.342.0
Transport

Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)12.03
Total length of railways (kilometre)754754
Information society
United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
50.0058.29
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)0.840.881.111.11
65.0071.0085.0085.0085.0085.0085.00
235,643245,643265,64313,900
7.7013.8615.3718.6220.0022.0024.0016.70
0.090.10.120.04
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)30.5741.2948.6536.6036.7337.97
141,385148,040164,1001,942
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)31.0841.9649.4437.22
10.0010.0010.007.007.007.0010.00
7.7013.8615.3718.6220.0022.0024.00
16.70
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)30,490,00042,311,62951,224,00039,600,000
0.46
0.470.470.530.060.140.180.42
0.240.240.250.01
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)0.820.871.091.091.101.07
471,285478,000559,00062,950159,000212,000506,800
90.0095.0097.0097.0097.0097.0097.00
94,257104,257129,25747,108
0.140.140.160
, 2018=100152,226,170347,663,460179,028,390356,189,540240,277,220164,094,690130,027,120154,084,500
International trade
International Road Federation, World Bank
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)6,4746,0485,8046,2397,0567,6157,6738,449
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)16,18319,56620,12519,19519,23620,02218,17118,541
Banking, insurance, financial statistics
International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Interest rate - Lending (%)
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)19.5920.5821.7323.8727.4329.07
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)
Deposit rate (%) (%)
Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics
World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)11.918.320.922.221.528.325.921.1
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)-25.3-36.1-59.4-66.6-68.2-93.3-134.5-106.8
Net ODA - current USD (millions)3,5843,2354,0744,118
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)44.1550.7451.8055.2858.4554.7053.7052.9556.28
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)-2.30-3.24-3.03-2.53-2.76-2.77
International reserves - current USD (millions)3,5253,8353,0313,0463,9872,9933,046
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)36.8132.439.7839.23
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)30.5531.7831.5932.2033.1929.7728.3627.11
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)6.46
Balance of payments
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)8,31010,50313,700
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)-7.92-11.48-10.91-8.46-6.53-5.33-4.60-3.19
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)0.10.3
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)-27.10
Trade balance - current USD (millions)-10,349.8-12,056.9-11,881.0-11,205.2
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)39.525.9-42.549.3
Services Balance - current USD (millions)-1,423.8-1,748.3-2,122.3-1,308.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)1,8552,6274,1434,0173,3102,5492,3814,259
Current account balance - current USD (millions)-5,727.0-7,511.1-8,269.4-5,565.9
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)-176.0-285.5-409.6-456.4
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)8,31010,50313,700
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)6,2236,5806,1447,404
Environment
United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Energy Agency
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)11.40
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Land area covered by forest (%)