ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ghana

Official language: English
Currency: Ghanian Cedi
Capital City: Accra
Area: 238533km²
Subregional membership(s): West Africa, Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

34122.0K

₂₀₂₃

Mid-year population

79.1B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

44.0

₂₀₂₁

Under five mortality rate

97.9

₂₀₂₁

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.28	2.35	2.33	2.14	2.10	2.08	2.06	1.96	1.92	1.90
Population - Urban (%)	53.40	54.10	54.70	55.40
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	61.2	61.4	61.9	62.1	62.2	62.7	61.9	61.6	61.8	62.4
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)		4.51		4.58
Population - Female (thousands)	14,137	14,474	14,815	15,149	15,473	15,799	16,129	16,457	16,781	17,105
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)		7.79		8.49
Population - Urban (thousands)	14,403	14,918	15,443	15,976	16,517	17,067	17,626	18,192	18,767	19,350
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)		5.16		5.59
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)		3.04		3.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)		10.64		9.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)		6.38		6.84
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)		7.91		6.94
Population - Urban (%)	53.42	54.09	54.75	55.41	56.06	56.71	57.35	57.98	58.62	59.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)		3.85		4.27
Population - Total (thousands)	28,196	28,871	29,554	30,222	30,871	31,522	32,180	32,833	33,476	34,122
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)		2.31		2.47
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	63.1	63.2	63.9	64.0	64.1	64.7	64.1	63.8	64.0	64.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)		8.68		7.75
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)		10.79		10.83
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	64.9	65.0	65.9	65.9	66.1	66.8	66.4	66.0	66.1	66.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)		11.26		11.06
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)		7.83		8.03
Population - Male (thousands)	14,059	14,397	14,740	15,074	15,398	15,724	16,051	16,376	16,695	17,017
Population - Female (%)	50.14	50.13	50.13	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.13	50.13
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)		4.11					2.77
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)		9.83		10.17
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	3.52	3.45	3.39	3.33	3.28	3.22	3.16	3.11	3.06	3.01
Population - Male (%)	50.64	50.65	50.66	50.67	50.67	50.68	50.69

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
	52.0	49.7	47.7	45.7	43.9	42.2	40.6	39.3
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	96.00
	63.3	60.8	58.3	56.1	53.9	52.0	50.1	48.4
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	15.00	15.00
	63.3	60.8	58.3	56.1	53.9	52.0	50.1	48.4
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	52.0	49.7	47.7	45.7	43.9	42.2	40.6	39.3
	57.8	55.4	53.1	51.0	49.1	47.2	45.5	44.0
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	5.00	5.00
	57.8	55.4	53.1	51.0	49.1	47.2	45.5	44.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	104.62	108.36	106.09	99.49	97.64	98.63	96.95	98.04
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	66.01	69.63	70.01	67.99	69.00	71.45	73.96	75.84
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	83.65				92.21		93.36
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	51.39	55.01	55.50	55.82	58.78	57.88
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	30.1	31.3	30.6	27.3	27.3	27.0
Literacy rate - Female (%)					74.47
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	2,101,731	2,216,184	2,210,179	2,230,208	2,232,295	2,306,181	2,319,908	2,394,880
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)				7.4
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	87.16	89.46	87.10	85.75	85.08	86.61	92.60
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	86.83	89.12	85.69	84.63	83.90	85.73	81.81
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.6
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			86.73	80.83
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		76.57			79.04		80.38
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	18.61	18.62	18.17	18.68
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	65.83	72.50	73.40	70.96	70.96	76.00	76.80
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.0	5.9	6.0	6.0	6.0
Literacy rate - Total (%)					79.04
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	7.0
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)		1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.6
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		71.35			74.47		76.19
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	64.06	67.91	68.90	66.38	67.75	70.61	73.27	75.31
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)		103.59
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	29.6	28.9	27.3		26.5
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)			84.98	81.59
Literacy rate - Male (%)					83.52
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	63.79	69.00	69.70	68.88	68.88	71.40	72.00
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	104.59	108.34	106.73	99.05	97.32	98.38	96.87	97.90
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	15.57	15.84	15.67	16.16
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	67.85	75.50	76.50	73.15	73.15	79.40	80.40
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	91.17				92.76		93.59
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	104.56	108.32	107.40	98.60	96.98	98.12	96.79	97.77
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	62.03	66.10	67.75	64.74	66.48	69.75	72.58	74.78
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	12.43	12.94	13.06	13.53
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)			0.69	0.98
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	87.60	90.60			92.49		93.48
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			83.21	82.38
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	52.85	56.14	55.38	55.08	57.76	56.63
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.0
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		82.04			83.52		84.49
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	86.99	89.29	86.38	85.18	84.48	86.16	87.16
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	52.14	55.58	55.44	55.44	58.26	57.24
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	4,117,152	4,342,315	4,358,176	4,393,061	4,401,194	4,549,875	4,584,381	4,729,514
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)		70.62
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	97.42	86.81	100.69	98.77
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,015,421	2,126,131	2,147,997	2,162,853	2,168,899	2,243,694	2,264,473	2,334,634
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	15.8	16.6	17.0	15.6	16.0	15.2

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	155.4	180.4	215.1	256.7
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	53.6	49.2	55.0	59.0

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	15.49	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18		-56.07	20.39
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	16.99	17.69	15.36	11.82	5.80	7.90	10.41	-55.00	18.92
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	15.49	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18		-56.07	20.39
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	136.44	160.58	185.25	203.69
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	150.21	175.97	206.69	232.26	250.39	268.36	295.06	129.61	156.03
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	16.99	17.69	15.36	9.95	9.84	7.14	9.88	8.97

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	12,963	11,491	12,012	12,570
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	9,808	9,364	9,596	9,841
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	4,752	5,824	7,615	8,604	10,375
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	4	4.02	4.05
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3.0	3.9	4.0	4.6	5.1
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	3,150	3,588	3,707	3,843
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3,048	3,848	3,801
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	8,387	5,845	5,582	5,930
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4,572	5,643	7,435	7,660
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	1,093
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.41	6.45		5.30
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.87	7.82		6.20
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	825.0	897.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	6.73	5.53	5.45
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	1,027	911.0	952.0	919.0	996.0	1,490	191.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	947.0	1,405	1,571
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)

Transport

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.96	0.99	0.88	1.04	0.94	0.95
	70.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	95.82	95.82	95.82

	19.00	23.00	28.00	37.88	43.00	22.07	58.00	68.60

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	107.68	121.26	129.61	121.60	132.60	129.61	125.73	123.21

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	111.52	125.71	134.49	126.20	137.52	134.32
	10.00	23.00	34.86	34.86	34.86	67.65	67.65	67.65
	19.00	23.00	28.00	37.88	43.00	53.00	58.00
								68.20
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	30,360,771	35,008,387	38,305,078	36,751,761	40,934,875	40,857,077
									0.62
	0.25	0.25	0.29	0.19	0.2	0.19	0.24	0.35

Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.92	0.95	0.85	1.00	0.90	0.92	0.96	0.96
	70,170	73,132	86,596	56,810	61,268	58,518	78,371	114,543
		96.79	96.79	96.79	96.79	96.98	96.98	96.98


, 2018=100	71,175,690	38,643,600	75,750,500	63,775,490	12,819,230	38,256,980	17,344,420	11,878,660

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	15,466	16,715	17,520	20,464	22,515	25,592	14,514	23,207
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	19,505	21,091	20,603	22,152	23,221	26,908	12,465	22,132

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

United Nations Statistics Division, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	2.90	3.71	3.91	4.35	4.59	5.22
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	21.00	26.00
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)
Deposit rate (%) (%)	12.90	13.34

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	5.3	6.3	9.5	10.1	11.7	9.8	12.0	21.9
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)		-7.4	-14.8	-10.4	-21.0	-25.7	-61.2	-55.6	-52.2
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,123	1,769	1,316	1,257
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	50.11	53.90	55.94	56.98	61.98	62.69	78.30	81.81	83.23
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-7.81	-4.01	-6.75	-3.97	-6.79	-7.29	-15.63	-11.63
International reserves - current USD (millions)	5,564	5,743	5,867		6,295	7,563	7,884	9,814
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	41.66	64.12	46.66	43.58
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	34.36	41.90	39.52	39.21	36.68	41.33	45.03	47.84
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)	3.01

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	130.0	351.3	365.7
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-143.5	-476.4
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	1,999	2,375
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-6.80	-5.71	-5.11	-3.32	-3.04	-2.74	-3.15	-3.01
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-3.70
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-1,383.3	-3,143.9	-1,773.3	1,187
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-3,838.0	-2,811.9
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-2,602.4	-1,166.6	-1,293.3	-2,873.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	3,357	3,192	3,485	3,255	2,989	2,827	1,876	2,614
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-3,694.6	-2,823.6	-2,832.0	-2,002.6
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)		0.5	0.3	0.2
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1,717.4	-1,110.9	-1,222.1	-2,740.9
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	11.8	221.4	14.7	15.9	81.0	587.8	542.4	191.8
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-835.9	-900.0
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	23,205	26,397	29,882
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	2,008	2,598	1,457	2,424

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)		41.00
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Ghana

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