ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Rwanda

Official language: Rwanda, French, English
Currency: Rwandan Franc
Capital City: Kigali
Area: 26338km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Economic Community of the Great Lakes countries , Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs, Mineral-rich countries, East African Community (EAC), CEPGL

14094.7K

₂₀₂₃

Mid-year population

11.1B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

39.4

₂₀₂₁

Under five mortality rate

134.9

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.51	2.39	2.50	2.46	2.41	2.37	2.42	2.33	2.30	2.27
Population - Urban (%)	17.00	17.00	17.10	17.10
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	62.8	63.2	63.3	63.6	64.0	64.2	64.4	63.8	64.8	65.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)		3.66		4.08
Population - Female (thousands)	5,844	5,979	6,121	6,270	6,419	6,569	6,723	6,880	7,036	7,193
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)		8.70		9.56
Population - Urban (thousands)	1,925	1,977	2,033	2,091	2,152	2,215	2,281	2,350	2,422	2,498
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)		5.16		5.96
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)		2.28		2.88
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)		14.99		14.17
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)		6.84		7.64
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)		7.21		5.89
Population - Urban (%)	16.97	17.00	17.06	17.13	17.21	17.31	17.43	17.57	17.72	17.89
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)		3.54		4.27
Population - Total (thousands)	11,368	11,643	11,931	12,230	12,532	12,835	13,146	13,462	13,777	14,095
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)		1.52		1.90
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	64.9	65.3	65.7	65.9	66.3	66.4	66.8	66.1	67.1	67.4
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)		14.20		10.57
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)		12.51		13.61
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	66.9	67.2	67.9	68.1	68.3	68.5	69.0	68.2	69.2	69.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)		3.72		3.53
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)		4.97		4.33
Population - Male (thousands)	5,525	5,664	5,809	5,961	6,113	6,266	6,423	6,582	6,741	6,901
Population - Female (%)	51.40	51.35	51.31	51.26	51.22	51.18	51.14	51.10	51.07	51.04
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)		3.74					-0.03
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)		10.71		11.60
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	2.69	2.76	2.82	2.87	2.91	2.95	2.98	3.02	3.06	3.12
Population - Male (%)	49.09	49.10	49.12	49.13	49.14	49.15	49.16

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
	45.8	43.8	42.3	40.8	39.7	38.5	37.2	35.9
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	98.00
	53.5	51.5	49.7	48.2	46.9	45.6	44.1	42.8
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	61.00	62.00
	53.5	51.5	49.7	48.2	46.9	45.6	44.1	42.8
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	45.8	43.8	42.3	40.8	39.7	38.5	37.2	35.9
	49.8	47.7	46.1	44.6	43.4	42.1	40.7	39.4
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	32.70	31.60
	49.8	47.7	46.1	44.6	43.4	42.1	40.7	39.4

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	138.67	138.68	141.36	132.01	129.11	128.94		136.95	134.89
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	38.26	36.30	35.52	35.62	36.86	39.36		39.42	38.30
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	86.26	85.74			88.50		92.71	90.30
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)	4.6
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)		30.20	30.41		38.79
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	58.3	58.3	58.5	57.9	59.5
Literacy rate - Female (%)	66.14				69.39
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	1,181,715	1,213,966	1,271,170	1,272,842	1,259,344	1,268,996		1,370,022	1,384,332
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4		0.4
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	4.0				4.8		5.4
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)			99.48	97.39	95.14	93.80
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)			98.20	96.47	94.44	93.51
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)		1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.5		2.5	2.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5		0.5
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.8		2.8	2.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	40.95	54.82	50.95	50.83	62.08			48.65
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	70.80	70.52			73.22			75.90
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	8.36	8.97	9.10	8.11
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	41.90	54.31	45.70	48.00	50.90	54.20	62.86
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	8.5	8.2	8.5	8.3	7.9	7.8		8.4	8.3
Literacy rate - Total (%)	70.80				73.22
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)	3.5
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	3.7
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	8.4	8.1	8.5	8.3	7.9	7.9		8.4	8.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.6		2.6	2.7
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	66.14	68.02			69.39			73.30
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	40.09	37.85	37.27	37.69	39.12	42.02		42.50	41.88
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	23.2	23.9	32.5	23.4	24.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	44.72	58.08	57.06	55.25	66.62			54.88
Literacy rate - Male (%)	76.15				77.56
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	35.30	47.85	39.20	41.80	45.00	48.60	57.46
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	140.39	139.62	141.28	132.31	129.08	128.54		137.61	134.93
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	7.63	7.94	8.00	7.64
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4		0.4
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	45.80	60.90	50.90	53.90	57.20	60.70	67.73
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	83.81	84.26			84.33		92.10	83.40
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	142.09	140.57	141.19	132.61	129.05	128.14		138.28	134.97
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	41.91	39.39	39.01	39.73	41.36	44.66		45.58	45.49
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	6.94	6.97	6.95	7.18
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)					0.84
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	85.07	85.01			86.49		92.50	86.90
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1		1.2
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	48.39	61.17	63.04	59.75	71.32			61.09
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)		26.00	25.85		32.93
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0		1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.3	8.1	8.5	8.4	8.0	7.9		8.4	8.3
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	76.15	73.21			77.56			78.70
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	96.22	95.10	98.84	96.93	94.79	93.66
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		28.10	28.14		35.87
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	2,399,439	2,450,705	2,546,263	2,540,374	2,503,705	2,512,465		2,729,116	2,742,551
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	50.17	50.05	57.23	68.63
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	1,217,724	1,236,739	1,275,093	1,267,532	1,244,361	1,243,469		1,359,094	1,358,219
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	21.7	19.2	18.6	20.1	28.3

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	5,466	5,968	6,672	7,597
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	8.0	8.3	8.5	9.1

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	2.33	2.50	7.18	8.28	-0.31	3.34			17.70
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	-0.50	6.76	11.05	-0.16	0.13	11.79			31.66
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	2.33	2.50	7.18	8.28	-0.31	3.34			17.70
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	100.72	105.29	112.96	120.86
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	123.24	126.32	135.38	146.59	146.14	151.02		136.57	160.75
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	2.11	4.53	7.28	7.00	1.36	2.43	8.00	2.50

Energy

African Union Commission, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	820.85	533	540	547
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)					0.0	0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	2	2	2	2
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	308	311	315	320	324	329
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)				2	2	2
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	5	5	5	5	5	5
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	408	412	424	437
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	343.8	353.7	361.9	412
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	298.39	310.34	328.01
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)				437	452	469
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	527	533	540	547	554	562
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	175.00	180.00	194.00	210.00
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	214	217	219	222	225	228
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	131.0	191.0	191.0
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)			0.0
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	214.46	217	219	222
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	308	311	315	320
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)				152,000	164,000	178,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	926.0
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	7.01	7.26		11.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	8.06	8.34		12.70
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	28.59	30.03	29.46
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	376.0	427.0	443.0	496.5	547.0	635.9	212.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	133.0	295.0	309.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	7.7	8.3	8.4

Transport

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.45	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.09
	88.00	88.01	92.08	93.37	96.60	98.90	98.07	98.63
				5,166	2,174	2,720	3,337	4,367
	10.60	18.00	20.00	17.20	25.00	26.00	23.80
				0.05	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	68.14	75.24	74.78	72.11	77.41	75.25	80.74	80.99
				10,242	3,403	4,195	12,575	25,917
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	69.90	77.05	76.46	73.61	78.85	76.49
	8.00	20.00	62.00	89.00	96.60	98.90	98.07	98.07
	10.60	18.00	20.00	21.77	25.00	26.00	26.50
								3.46
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	7,747,019	8,759,619	8,921,533	8,819,217	9,700,609	9,658,548
									0.35
	0.03	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.06	0.07	0.13	0.24
				0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.44	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.09
	2,917	21,125	21,721	21,780	7,501	8,885	17,685	31,902
	99.90	99.98	99.92	99.92	99.92	99.94	99.94	98.63
				6,372	1,924	1,970	1,773	1,618
				0.08	0.03	0.03	0.1	0.19
, 2018=100	21,977,400	78,512,690	72,570,680	31,175,290	15,802,220	15,728,590	4,041,979	94,430,580

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	1,143	1,130	1,341	1,899	2,034	2,259	1,966	2,110
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	2,474	2,731	2,962	3,067	3,342	3,741	3,649	3,851

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Interest rate - Lending (%)	17.66	17.03
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	682.44	719.86	787.25	831.55	861.09	899.35
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	681.86	720.98
Deposit rate (%) (%)	7.76	7.59

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	12.6	12.6	14.6	12.7	12.8	14.3	14.6	37.9
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)		-164.9	-155.4	-193.6	-213.5	-472.6	-534.0	-430.9	-510.1
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,035	1,085	1,147	1,225
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	28.33	32.38	36.56	41.32	44.93	49.82	64.64	68.63	67.87
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-3.92	-2.68	-2.27	-2.52	-2.57	-5.07	-9.40	-6.86
International reserves - current USD (millions)	945.1	917.5	1,013	1,179	1,355	1,465	1,806	1,895
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	91.23	93.33	96.28	100.37
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	36.17	41.21	51.09	56.64	61.12	65.10	82.37	82.94
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)	13.21

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	14.6	14.6	17.0
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	27.8	-24.8
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	64.0	104.1
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-11.35	-12.69	-15.31	-9.46	-10.11	-11.88	-11.95	-10.50
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	8.7	6.0	5.2	7.7
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-23.30
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-1,268.6	-1,236.6	-1,309.6	-871.5
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-681.8	-823.6
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-77.3	-272.7	-254.1	-29.8
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	458.9	379.8	342.3	356.4	381.9	353.8	274.1	211.9
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-943.4	-1,201.3	-1,335.8	-628.0
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-175.6	-228.4	-296.3	-323.2
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	3.8	3.5	47.8	15.7	18.0	5.4
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	2.1	-6.8
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,152	1,402	2,237
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	578.0	536.4	524.2	596.4

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)		19.50
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Rwanda

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