ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ethiopia

Official language: Amharic, English
Currency: Ethiopia Birr
Capital City: Addis Ababa
Area: 1104300km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs

129719718.5K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

99.3B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

46.2

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

85.5

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.68	2.75	2.69	2.65	2.66	2.65	2.56	2.52	2.51	2.47
Population - Urban (%)	19.40	19.90	20.30
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	61.1	61.6	62.3	62.6	63.1	62.5	61.9	62.6	63.7	64.4
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.9
Population - Urban (number)	19,403,087	20,343,215	21,316,856	22,327,769	23,376,340	24,463,423	25,589,582	26,755,042	27,959,894	29,204,015
Median age (years)	17.2	17.4	17.7	17.9	18.1	18.3	18.5	18.7	18.8	19.0
Population - Male (number)	51,560,462	52,968,539	54,418,849	55,882,976	57,375,433	58,906,550	60,443,405	61,980,175	63,545,705	65,137,691
Population - Urban (%)	19.43	19.87	20.31	20.76	21.23	21.70	22.17	22.66	23.16	23.66
Population - Total (number)	102,471,896	105,293,229	108,197,950	111,129,438	114,120,594	117,190,911	120,283,026	123,379,925	126,527,060	129,719,719
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	63.7	64.4	64.8	65.4	65.8	65.4	65.0	65.6	66.7	67.3
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	66.3	67.3	67.5	68.4	68.8	68.4	68.3	68.9	69.8	70.3
Population - Female (%)	49.68	49.69	49.70	49.71	49.72	49.73	49.75	49.76	49.78
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.73	4.68	4.63	4.59	4.55	4.50	4.45	4.40	4.35	4.30
Population - Female (number)	50,911,434	52,324,690	53,779,101	55,246,462	56,745,161	58,284,362	59,839,622	61,399,750	62,981,355	64,582,028
Population - Male (%)	49.99	50.00	50.01	50.02	50.03	50.03

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	55.7	52.8	50.2	47.9	45.8	43.8	42.0	40.5
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	70.0	66.5	63.4	60.6	58.1	55.8	53.7	51.7
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	28.00
	69.2	65.6	62.2	59.2	56.6	54.4	52.2
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)		23.50			21.20
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		62.40
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	5.76	6.00	6.23	6.46	6.69	6.93	7.16	7.22
	55.3	52.2	49.4	46.9	44.8	42.8	41.0
	63.1	59.9	56.9	54.3	52.1	49.9	48.0	46.2
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	32.00
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		62.40			73.60
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	65.00	66.00	65.00	61.00
	62.4	59.0	56.0	53.2	50.9	48.7	46.8

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	105.76	107.92	102.17	101.86	96.78	119.33	106.65	88.72
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	35.61
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		49.62	71.97
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)					3.2
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	30.31
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	8,567,433		8,941,874	9,035,123	8,691,070	10,824,941	9,753,392	8,194,749
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)					2.4
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	81.45					83.15
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	87.73					91.17
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	49.09		51.77
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	47.90	49.31	51.70	53.60	55.65	56.70	63.30	60.89
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	5.9					6.7	6.0
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)					1.6
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9					0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.2					7.0	6.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.1
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	41.09		44.42
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	34.94
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	42.40	49.69	45.00	46.20	54.18	48.50	64.88	62.14
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	100.97	102.97	97.92	97.51	92.70	114.56	102.68	85.53
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	11.87	12.84	13.12	12.95
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	51.70	48.97	56.40	58.70	57.08	63.10	66.40	63.35
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	6.61	7.06	7.53	7.74
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		71.42	73.52
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	96.09	97.92	93.50	93.00	88.47	109.61	98.56	82.23
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	34.25
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)		0.69	0.98
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	69.48	61.29	72.75
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	31.30
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	6.5					7.3	6.5
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	57.21		59.24
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	9.28	9.99	10.36	10.38
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	84.62					87.21
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	30.81
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	16,198,047		16,844,906	16,997,650	16,358,329	20,419,152	18,447,497	15,521,017
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	7,630,614		7,903,032	7,962,527	7,667,259	9,594,211	8,694,105	7,326,268
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	6,815,718,077	10,930,883,000	12,578,881,330	16,514,316,806	17,037,745,423	16,239,537,146	15,714,100,780	20,638,105,501
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	1,298	1,528	1,804
Industry (%)							22.77
Changes in inventories (US dollars)	154,624,259	1,034,993,034	390,967,031	347,982,954	932,216,135	1,714,131,286	1,459,114,998	2,384,131,725
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	5,906,249,372	5,637,001,035	5,858,936,897	6,715,753,536	7,349,392,410	6,886,473,529	7,575,250,924	9,809,304,453
Industry (%)	17.52	23.49	25.09	28.76	25.96	24.20
Services (%)	43.72	39.34	38.97	38.35	38.86	38.56
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	49,239,998,423	55,995,251,149	59,623,387,744	60,891,372,626	72,093,426,471	76,498,621,319	80,456,700,704	100,812,858,787
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	2,778,379,756	4,106,778,628	4,750,960,845	4,674,352,520	5,178,269,507	5,124,149,009	4,571,615,069	5,045,246,273
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	3,464,740,440	4,895,138,947	5,530,729,975	5,387,685,494	5,938,319,043	6,082,437,768	5,974,283,550	6,394,710,379
Services (%)							38.08
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	22,744,298,978	25,036,509,549	25,940,635,924	25,040,712,820	31,131,640,279	34,357,211,246	37,301,108,973	44,779,890,476
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	2,602,696,878	3,241,981,668	3,253,925,809	3,024,006,327	3,436,025,422	4,017,302,818	4,195,407,007	4,864,395,597
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	63.1	70.3	75.6
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	49,239,998,423	51,088,351,256	55,482,044,054	56,458,693,794	62,770,410,828	67,673,095,386	73,191,732,466	80,583,331,657
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	167,119	194,652	215,094	237,196	263,259	282,569	312,752
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	63,078,657,756	67,848,521,961	74,337,683,280	79,404,663,580	86,046,309,554	91,260,109,814	96,408,581,327	101,534,718,186
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	11,737,511,557	11,220,683,985	11,313,029,243	11,872,177,053	14,697,512,019	14,997,209,019	14,867,788,052	17,999,252,106
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	24,709,144,057	25,914,997,871	29,131,907,188	27,054,241,532	31,708,793,849	27,832,011,038	26,358,853,379	27,763,450,843

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	9.57	6.63	10.69	13.83	15.81	20.35	-42.79	33.88
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	9.38	6.15	16.50	10.58	19.51	18.18	-39.08	33.81
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	9.57	6.63	10.69	13.83	15.81	20.35	-42.79	33.88
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	667.90	712.48	778.14
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	205.00	218.59	241.95	275.41	318.96	383.88	219.63	294.02
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	10.03	6.67	9.22	13.83	15.81	20.35	13.13

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	10,437	10,856	11,330
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Import, metric tons (thousands)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Conventional crude oil - Import (terajoules)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation, metric tons (thousands)
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation (terajoules)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	7,268	7,509	7,787
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	42	40	40	41
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	544.74	551.39
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2.4	4.3	4.3	4.3
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	2,928	3,115	3,327
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2,778	2,784
Conventional crude oil - Change in stocks (terajoules)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	9,674	10,351	10,825
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4	4	4
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			3,666,000	3,719,000	3,777,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	8.35		6.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	9.23		6.80
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	864.0	871.0	933.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	37.94	36.2
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	2,279	2,138	2,505	3,548	3,529	2,282
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	372.0	461.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	23.5	25.5	36.3	42.0

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)		754	754

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	50.00	58.29
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.88	1.11	1.11
	71.00	85.00	85.00		85.00	85.00	85.00
	245,643	265,643	13,900
	13.86	15.37	18.62	20.00	22.00	24.00	16.70
	0.1	0.12	0.04
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	41.29	48.65	36.60		36.73	37.97
	148,040	164,100	1,942
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	41.96	49.44	37.22
	10.00	10.00	7.00		7.00	7.00	10.00
	13.86	15.37	18.62	20.00	22.00	24.00
							16.70
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	42,311,629	51,224,000	39,600,000
								0.46
	0.47	0.53	0.06		0.14	0.18	0.42
	0.24	0.25	0.01
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.87	1.09	1.09		1.10	1.07
	478,000	559,000	62,950		159,000	212,000	506,800
	95.00	97.00	97.00		97.00	97.00	97.00
	104,257	129,257	47,108
	0.14	0.16	0
, 2018=100	347,663,460	179,028,390	356,189,540	240,277,220	164,094,690	130,027,120	154,084,500

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	19,566	20,125	19,195	19,236	20,022	18,171	18,541
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	6,048	5,804	6,239	7,056	7,615	7,673	8,449

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	20.58	21.73	23.87	27.43	29.07
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)
Deposit rate (%) (%)

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	18.3	20.9	22.2	21.5	28.3	25.9	21.1
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-25.3	-36.1	-59.4	-66.6	-68.2	-93.3	-134.5	-106.8
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	3,235	4,074	4,118
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	50.74	51.80	55.28	58.45	54.70	53.70	52.95	56.28
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)		-2.30	-3.24	-3.03	-2.53	-2.76	-2.77
International reserves - current USD (millions)	3,835	3,031	3,046	3,987	2,993	3,046
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	32.4	39.78	39.23
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	31.78	31.59	32.20	33.19	29.77	28.36	27.11
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	10,503	13,700
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-11.48	-10.91	-8.46	-6.53	-5.33	-4.60	-3.19
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	0.1		0.3
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-12,056.9	-11,881.0	-11,205.2
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	25.9	-42.5	49.3
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-1,748.3	-2,122.3	-1,308.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	2,627	4,143	4,017	3,310	2,549	2,381	4,259
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-7,511.1	-8,269.4	-5,565.9
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-285.5	-409.6	-456.4
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	10,503	13,700
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	6,580	6,144	7,404

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Energy Agency

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.14	0.14
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	12.9	15.0	15.8	17.2	18.4
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)	0.10	0.10
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	11.40
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	15.44	15.37	15.31	15.24	15.18	15.11
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		18.47	18.47	18.47	17.62	16.06	17.01	17.01
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		18.47	18.47

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Ethiopia

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