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Eritrea

Official language: Tigrigna, Arabic, English
Currency: Eritrea Nakfa
Capital City: Asmara
Area: 117600km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) , Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD)

3497.1K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

5.8B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

43.1

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

49.4

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	12.4	10.4	9.4	9.3	9.7	10.4	11.2	12.2	13.4
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	51.1	51.1	51.1	51.1	47.2	47.2	47.2
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	648.2	653.5	658.6	663.6	668.4	673.0	677.5	681.6	685.6
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	607.1	612.0	616.7	621.2	625.6	629.9	634.0	637.9	641.5
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	627.3	632.4	637.3	642.0	646.6	651.1	655.4	659.4	663.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					66.7		66.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					71.9		62.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					90.9		79.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					103.7		98.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					109.3		108.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					105.4		106.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					92.9		96.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					78.5		82.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					63.7		68.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					61.9		59.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					52.0		54.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					42.3		44.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					29.5		33.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					31.3		41.0
Population - Female (%)	507.1	506.8
Population - Female (thousands)	16,074	16,246	16,393	16,535	16,685	16,849	17,027	17,224	17,444
Population - Male (thousands)	16,066	16,255	16,421	16,580	16,743	16,917	17,102	17,304	17,527
Population - Total (thousands)	32,140	32,501	32,814	33,114	33,428	33,766	34,129	34,528	34,971
Population - Urban (%)	358.0	364.0	370.0	376.0	382.0	388.0	395.0	401.0	407.0
Population - Urban (%)	358.0	364.0	370.0	376.0	382.0	388.0	395.0
Population - Urban (thousands)	16,010	16,590	17,200	17,840	18,520	19,240	20,000
Total fertility rate (per woman)	44.9	44.1	43.3	42.7	42.2	41.6	41.1	40.6	40.0

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	5,610	5,400	5,330	5,240	5,010
Neo-natal mortality (Per 1,000 live births)	203.0	198.0	194.0	190.0	186.0	182.0	178.0
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	700.0	700.0	700.0	700.0
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	990.0	980.0	960.0
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	570.0	580.0	580.0	580.0	580.0
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	150.0	150.0	150.0	160.0	160.0
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	535.0	516.0	497.0	481.0	465.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)			626.7		654.5
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)			808.8		823.9
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)			716.0		737.7
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)	9.4	9.6	9.9	9.9	9.7
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)	11.7	10.6	10.5
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	9.6	11.8	14.3	14.7	14.6
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	9.9	9.4		11.3	11.6
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)	9.9	10.0	10.6
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	468.2	523.8	645.1	512.0	499.5		455.8
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	555.2	622.4	618.0	600.5	580.4		531.1
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	555.3	574.0	631.3	557.1	540.8		494.2
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	312.4	349.8	341.3	338.3	304.2		291.3
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	393.0	441.1	427.3	414.3	357.8		324.1
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	353.2	395.9	384.9	376.8	331.4		308.0
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)				18.4	19.3	19.0
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)				37.4	29.7	26.8
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)				27.9	24.5	22.9
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	362.6
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	443.4
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	403.8				385.0	410.6	418.5
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)			917.8		932.5
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)		413.3	416.1	417.4	403.3		355.6
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)		476.3	464.6	464.4	444.5		390.7
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	391.0	445.4	440.8	441.3	424.3		373.5
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	277.4	306.4	282.6	282.8	255.4		253.2
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	340.9	378.7	336.7	332.6	291.2		274.2
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		342.9	310.1	308.1	273.6		263.9
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)	263.5	276.2	156.9	144.3	148.2
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)	255.0	270.9	156.0	143.8	146.2
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)	271.6	281.3	157.9	144.6	150.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	404.6	409.3	456.7	424.7	433.4		392.5
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	394.9	378.9	384.8	405.9	388.8		365.7
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)				202.5	194.6	140.9
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	8.1	8.1
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	7.8	7.8
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)				4.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	23.4	26.1	33.2	26.5	25.8		23.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	28.0	31.3	32.3	31.4	30.2		27.6
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	25.7	28.8	32.7	29.0	28.1		25.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	21.8	24.4	24.6	24.6	22.1		21.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	27.5	31.0	31.1	30.5	26.3		23.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	24.7	27.7	27.9	27.5	24.2		22.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)				0.9	1.0	0.9
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)				1.9	1.5	1.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)				1.4	1.2	1.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)		771.2		744.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)		780.0		719.8
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)		776.0		730.8

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	400.9	470.6	540.5	609.5	683.0	769.4	893.7
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	26.1	30.6	35.2	39.6	44.4	50.0	58.1

Prices

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Inflation, all items (index)	5,364	5,687	6,054	6,662	7,261	7,915	8,627
Inflation, all items - Change (%)	58.9	47.5	59.4	100.3	284.8	-55.8	-133.1	-144.0	-163.6
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	122.6	28.8	94.6	100.4	90.0	90.0	90.0
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	5,617	5,778	6,325	6,960	7,586	8,269	9,013

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		2,850	2,950	2,830	3,170	3,310	3,470
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	2,730	2,880	2,940
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	3,350	3,826	3,610	3,680	4,040	4,190	4,320
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	41.2	41.2	63.7	70	71.6	73.5
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		750.00	760.00	790.00	820.00	860.00	900.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1,398	1,400	1,400	1,403	1,603	1,607
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	3,391	3,868	3,674	3,750	4,130	4,260	4,390

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)						480.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	1,070	1,290	1,410	1,190	1,140	1,420
Overnight stays (thousands)		14,330	1,440	1,430	1,440	1,430
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	54.1	55.4	54.8	55.1	54.9	55.5

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)		0.0	0.0
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	18.2	18.5	18.9	19.3	19.7	19.6	19.4
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	7.0	8.0	9.0	9.9	10.8	11.8	13.1
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	2,419,390	3,052,830	3,548,440	4,174,000	4,750,000	5,060,000	6,950,000
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)		0.1	0.2
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	1.4	1.9	1.5	2.0
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	7.0	8.0	9.0	9.9	10.8
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	850.0	850.0	920.0		850.0
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)		850.0	920.0	920.0	920.0
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				0.0	0.0
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - US dollars (billions)	2.3	2.7		0.1	0.6

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	153.80	153.80	153.80	153.80
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	153.80	153.80	153.80	153.80	153.80	153.50	150.70	150.70

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	298.1
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	1,334	1,360	813.1	841.9	941.2	668.2	791.3
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	1,324	1,283	1,275	1,287	1,325	1,328	1,312	1,294	1,273

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	31.7	26.7	35.9	40.3	-13.7	-21.0	-23.5
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	830.0	820.0	1,260	1,600	-610.0	-1,050.0	-1,370.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	390.0	413.6	438.6	465.1	493.2	523.1	554.7
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	7,054	7,468	7,906	8,372	8,865	9,388
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	7,054	7,468	7,906	8,372	8,865	9,388
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-121.0
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	5,207
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.80
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	10.00	10.00	10.00
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)	1,130
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					150.0
Land area covered by forest (%)

Eritrea

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