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Eritrea

Official language: Tigrigna, Arabic, English
Currency: Eritrea Nakfa
Capital City: Asmara
Area: 117600km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) , Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD)

3601.5K

₂₀₂₁

Mid-year population

5.8B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate

68.4

₂₀₁₈

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)			1.60					-26.90
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	9.40	9.30	9.70	10.40	11.20	12.20	13.40	14.70	16.10
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	51.10	51.10	47.20	47.20	47.20
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	658.6	663.6	668.4	673.0	677.5	681.6	685.6	689.2	692.8
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	616.7	621.2	625.6	629.9	634.0	637.9	641.5	645.0	648.2
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	637.3	642.0	646.6	651.1	655.4	659.4	663.2	666.8	670.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)			66.70		66.60
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)			71.90		62.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)			90.90		79.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)			103.70		98.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)			109.30		108.20
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)			105.40		106.60
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)			92.90		96.10
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)			78.50		82.20
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)			63.70		68.10
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)			61.90		59.50
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)			52.00		54.70
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)			42.30		44.10
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)			29.50		33.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)			31.30		41.00
Population - Female (%)	499.60	499.30	499.10	499.00	498.90	498.80	498.80	498.80
Population - Female (thousands)	16,393	16,535	16,685	16,849	17,027	17,224	17,444	17,689	17,962
Population - Male (%)	500.40	500.70	500.90	501.00	501.10	501.20	501.20	501.20
Population - Male (thousands)	16,421	16,580	16,743	16,917	17,102	17,304	17,527	17,775	18,053
Population - Total (thousands)	32,814	33,114	33,428	33,766	34,129	34,528	34,971	35,464	36,015
Population - Urban (%)	370.00	376.00	382.00	388.00	395.00	401.00	407.00	413.00
Population - Urban (%)	370.00	376.00	382.00	388.00	395.00
Population - Urban (thousands)	17,200	17,840	18,520	19,240	20,000
Total fertility rate (per woman)	43.3	42.7	42.2	41.6	41.1	40.6	40.0	39.3	38.7

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	700.00	700.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	960.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	150.00	160.00	160.00

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	626.70		654.50
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	808.80		823.90
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	716.00		737.70
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	645.10	512.00	704.00		632.00	630.80
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	618.00	600.50	817.00		735.30	735.70
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	631.30	557.10	761.60		684.70	684.30
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	341.30	338.30	475.10		449.10	454.00
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	427.30	414.30	560.00		499.90	499.20
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	384.90	376.80	518.20		474.90	477.00
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)		18.40	19.30	19.00
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)		37.40	29.70	26.80
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)		27.90	24.50	22.90
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)			385.00	410.60	418.50
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	917.80		932.50
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	39.0	39.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	416.10	417.40	403.30		355.60
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	464.60	464.40	444.50		390.70
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	440.80	441.30	424.30		373.50
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	282.60	282.80	255.40		253.20
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	336.70	332.60	291.20		274.20
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	310.10	308.10	273.60		263.90
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	1,987,500	1,629,840	1,637,860		1,567,780	1,577,580
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	1,976,480	1,986,200	1,978,980		1,902,310	1,919,950
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	3,963,980	3,616,040	3,616,840		3,470,090	3,497,530
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	456.7	424.7	433.4		392.5	387.4
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	384.8	405.9	388.8		365.7	350.2
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)		202.5	194.6	140.9
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)			8.6		8.6	8.6
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)			8.5		9.0	9.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)		4.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	33.2	26.5	25.8		23.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	32.3	31.4	30.2		27.6
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	32.7	29.0	28.1		25.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	24.6	24.6	22.1		21.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	31.1	30.5	26.3		23.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	27.9	27.5	24.2		22.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)		0.9	1.0	0.9
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)		1.9	1.5	1.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)		1.4	1.2	1.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)		744.10
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)		719.80
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)		730.80

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	35.2	39.6	44.4	50.0	58.1
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	540.5	609.5	683.0	769.4	893.7

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	94.60	100.40	90.00	90.00	90.00	-144.00	-163.60	49.10	29.00	19.10
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	94.60	100.40	90.00	90.00	90.00	-144.00	-163.60	49.10	29.00
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	6,325	6,960	7,586	8,269	9,013

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	2,950	2,830	3,170	3,310	3,470
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	2,940
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	3,610	3,680	4,040	4,190	4,320
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	3,500
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	63.7	70	71.6	73.5
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	3,380	3,450	3,520	3,590	3,780	4,500
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	760.00	790.00	820.00	860.00	900.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1,400	1,403	1,603	1,607
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.6	2.2	2.3
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	3,674	3,750	4,130	4,260	4,390
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	3,630

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)				480.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	1,410	1,190	1,140	1,420
Overnight stays (thousands)	1,440	1,430	1,440	1,430
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	54.8	55.1	54.9	55.5

Transport

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	18.90	19.30	19.70	19.60	19.40
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	9.00	9.90	10.80	11.80	13.10
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	3,548,440	4,174,000	4,750,000	5,060,000	6,950,000
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	108.10	126.00	142.10	149.90	203.60

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	153.80	153.80
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	153.80	153.80	153.80	153.50	150.70	150.70	150.70

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)			-9.7	-5.5	-17.3	12.7	-4.8	-15.8	-15.6	-3.8
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	813.1	841.9	941.2	668.2	791.3
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	1,275	1,287	1,807	1,675	2,025	1,856	1,894	1,847	1,756	1,642

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	35.90	40.30	-13.70	-21.00	-23.50
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	1,260	1,600	-610.0	-1,050.0	-1,370.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	438.6	465.1	493.2	523.1	554.7
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	7,906	8,372	8,865	9,388
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	7,906	8,372	8,865	9,388
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)
Services Balance - current USD (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)		-121.00
Trade balance - current USD (millions)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	10.00
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)			150.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Eritrea

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