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Eritrea

Official language: Tigrigna, Arabic, English
Currency: Eritrea Nakfa
Capital City: Asmara
Area: 117600km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) , Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD)

3817650.5K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

2.3B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

36.6

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

72.0

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	0.81	0.70	1.17	1.66	1.42	1.81	1.78	1.71	1.78	1.85
Population - Urban (%)	38.20	38.80	39.50
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	64.0	64.2	64.6	65.0	65.2	64.9	64.4	64.5	65.2	66.5
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6
Population - Urban (number)	1,851,851	1,923,728	1,999,721	2,079,314	2,161,646	2,246,038	2,332,299	2,420,579	2,510,963	2,603,638
Median age (years)	17.3	17.4	17.5	17.6	17.8	18.0	18.2	18.4	18.7	18.9
Population - Male (number)	1,644,779	1,657,572	1,673,563	1,697,963	1,724,860	1,753,513	1,785,840	1,817,878	1,850,523	1,885,109
Population - Urban (%)	38.21	38.83	39.45	40.08	40.71	41.35	41.98	42.63	43.27	43.91
Population - Total (number)	3,340,006	3,365,288	3,396,933	3,445,375	3,498,818	3,555,868	3,620,312	3,684,032	3,748,902	3,817,651
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	66.0	66.3	66.6	67.1	67.3	67.1	66.5	66.6	67.3	68.7
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	68.0	68.3	68.5	69.1	69.3	69.3	68.7	68.7	69.4	70.9
Population - Female (%)	50.76	50.75	50.73	50.72	50.70	50.69	50.67	50.66	50.64
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	3.81	3.87	3.90	3.88	3.83	3.77	3.72	3.67	3.62	3.59
Population - Female (number)	1,695,227	1,707,716	1,723,370	1,747,412	1,773,958	1,802,355	1,834,472	1,866,154	1,898,379	1,932,542
Population - Male (%)	50.09	50.10	50.11	50.12	50.12	50.12

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	40.7	39.2	37.9	36.7	35.5	34.3	33.1	31.9
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	51.9	50.2	48.5	46.9	45.4	44.0	42.6	41.1
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	16.00
	51.8	50.1	48.5	46.9	45.4	43.9	42.7
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	40.7	39.4	38.0	36.7	35.5	34.4	33.2
	46.4	44.9	43.4	41.9	40.6	39.3	38.0	36.6
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	97.00	99.00	99.00	99.00
	46.4	44.9	43.4	41.9	40.6	39.3	38.1

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	81.70	76.57	78.78	79.28	78.31
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	56.00		44.52	45.44	45.15
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)				92.71
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	39.89		39.03	40.26
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	43.3		39.3	38.7
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	197,898		190,231	191,995	190,502
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.1	0.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	56.84		49.31	48.98
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	62.57		54.09	53.83
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9		0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.6		3.2	3.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.2	0.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.7	0.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.2		2.8	2.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			80.15
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	73.77			76.57
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	2.97	2.68
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	52.78		59.21	57.88	54.36
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	2.6		3.3	3.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9		0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	2.8		3.7	3.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.4		3.0	3.1
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	65.45			68.95
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	51.82		41.88	42.95	42.79
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	19.5	14.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)			79.98
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	57.43		63.71	62.93	59.46
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	76.16	71.63	72.44	72.82	72.04
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	4.01	3.53
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	2.45	2.29
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.1	0.1
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	62.02		68.15	67.90	64.48
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	2.59	2.49
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)				93.82
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	70.40	66.50	65.99	66.25	65.65
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	47.51		39.20	40.42	40.40
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	1.93	1.90
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)				0.99			0.93
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	93.25			93.27
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9		0.9	0.9	0.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			79.78
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	45.59		42.29	42.85
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	3.0		4.0	4.0
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	82.39			84.37
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	3.31	3.01
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	59.76		51.75	51.46
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	42.78		40.69	41.58
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	361,684		347,009	349,753	347,482
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	163,786		156,778	157,758	156,980
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	38.9		36.6	35.0

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	320,764,986	353,523,229	303,522,608	321,829,766	318,756,913	338,454,762	355,045,530	382,589,008
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	68.3	76.9	89.4
Industry (%)							31.31
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	666,308,918	416,165,351	619,360,989	659,355,592	623,426,095	616,205,383	857,207,308	940,373,676
Industry (%)	31.23	31.33	31.33	31.30	31.32	31.32
Services (%)	51.56	51.34	51.43	51.44	51.40	51.42
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	1,675,402,425	2,055,842,551	1,602,046,694	1,860,481,327	1,839,769,255	1,903,397,320	1,975,078,571	2,157,574,038
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	122,976,615	135,629,297	116,300,268	123,390,509	122,214,224	129,738,906	136,117,261	146,673,902
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	317,994,180	350,641,707	300,753,047	319,050,879	316,004,924	335,477,448	351,960,817	379,258,162
Services (%)							51.42
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	352,157,626	389,683,508	332,453,871	353,535,175	350,227,809	371,463,318	389,931,774	420,148,798
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	251,878,038	275,891,630	237,074,442	251,744,461	249,023,643	264,507,051	277,524,333	298,981,237
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	4.4	5.0	5.8
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	1,675,402,425	1,870,049,295	1,524,011,760	1,779,742,513	1,692,326,963	1,664,730,942	1,588,936,035	1,568,938,638
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	5,312	5,744	5,247	6,073	6,419	6,455	6,919
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	2,013,196,748	2,161,993,275	1,945,475,637	2,199,013,524	2,283,365,661	2,271,235,436	2,336,986,002	2,398,162,847
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	234,250,996	255,410,222	219,754,032	233,509,634	230,783,280	245,221,001	257,302,535	277,152,997
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	207,031,372	150,549,171	164,831,277	58,712,528	99,204,409	160,021,758	162,868,159	175,484,353

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	758.64	826.91	901.34
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	9.00	9.00	9.00	-14.40	-16.36	4.91	2.90

Energy

United Nations Statistics Division, African Union Commission, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Conventional crude oil - Losses (terajoules)
Conventional crude oil - Losses, metric tons (thousands)
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	413	426	439
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Import, metric tons (thousands)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Conventional crude oil - Import (terajoules)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation, metric tons (thousands)
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation (terajoules)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	317	331	347
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	352	359	378	450
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	7.16	7.35
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	82.00	86.00	90.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	160.3	160.7
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	404	419	432
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			206,000	214,000	222,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Overnight stays (thousands)	144.0	143.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)		48.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	5.5	5.6

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	1.97	1.96	1.94
	0.00	0.00	0.00				35.00

	1.08	1.18	1.31
		0.01
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	14.22	15.04	20.46		37.47	50.65

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	14.21	14.99	20.36
	0.00	0.00	0.00				0.00
	1.08	1.18	1.31
							21.73
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	475,000	506,000	695,000
	0.01	0.02	0.03		0.09	0.14	0.14

Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	1.98	1.96	1.95		1.89	1.86
	500	600	1,000		3,000	5,000	5,000
	85.00	85.00	85.00		85.00	85.00	85.00
		500

, 2018=100	62,509	134,990		118,110	404,800	66,010	206,390

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

United Nations Statistics Division, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	15.38	15.35	15.07	15.07	15.07
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-1.0	-0.6	-1.7	1.3	-0.5	-1.6	-1.6	-0.4
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	94.1	66.8	79.1
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	180.71	167.51	202.54	185.61	187.09	182.17	170.82	164.23
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-3.14	-1.66	-6.04	4.21	0.61	-4.42	-3.98
International reserves - current USD (millions)	145.1	145.4	143.4	163.0	191.7
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	886.5	938.8
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	20.76	15.32	23.96	15.44	13.01	11.38	13.47
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)
Services Balance - current USD (millions)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	49.3	52.3	55.5	61.0	67.1	73.8	70.5
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-61.0	-105.0	-137.0
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	886.5	938.8
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.9
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)	0.20	0.20
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	15.00
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	10.60	10.57	10.54	10.51	10.48	10.45
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		4.87	2.96	2.96	2.96	2.96	100.00	0.00
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		4.87	2.96

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Eritrea

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