Eritrea's flag    Eritrea

Official language: Tigrigna, Arabic, English
Currency: Eritrea Nakfa
Capital City: Asmara
Area: 117600km2
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) , Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD)

3748.9K
2023

Mid-year population
5.8B
2017

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate
68.4
2018

Primary enrolment ratio
Population and migration
United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)0.16-2.69
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)0.930.971.041.121.221.341.471.61
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)5.114.724.724.72
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)66.466.867.367.868.268.668.969.3
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)62.162.663.063.463.864.264.564.8
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)64.264.765.165.565.966.366.767.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)6.676.66
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)7.196.29
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)9.097.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)10.379.80
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)10.9310.82
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)10.5410.66
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)9.299.61
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)7.858.22
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)6.376.81
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)6.195.95
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)5.205.47
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)4.234.41
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)2.953.30
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)3.134.10
Population - Female (%)49.9349.9149.9049.8949.8849.8849.88
Population - Female (thousands)1,6871,6951,7081,7231,7471,7741,8021,8341,8661,898
Population - Male (%)50.0750.0950.1050.1150.1250.1250.12
Population - Male (thousands)1,6361,6451,6581,6741,6981,7251,7541,7861,8181,851
Population - Total (thousands)3,3233,3403,3653,3973,4453,4993,5563,6203,6843,749
Population - Urban (%)37.6038.2038.8039.5040.1040.7041.30
Population - Urban (%)37.6038.2038.8039.50
Population - Urban (thousands)1,7841,8521,9242,000
Total fertility rate (per woman)4.34.24.24.14.14.03.93.9
Health
United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)70.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)16.0016.00
Education
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)65.4564.31
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)82.3984.04
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)73.7774.08
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)51.2070.4063.2063.08
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)60.0581.7073.5373.57
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)55.7176.1668.4768.43
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)33.8347.5144.9145.40
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)41.4356.0049.9949.92
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)37.6851.8247.4947.70
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)1.841.931.90
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)3.742.972.68
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)2.792.452.29
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)38.5041.0641.85
Literacy rate - Female (%)68.95
Literacy rate - Male (%)84.37
Literacy rate - Total (%)76.57
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)92.71
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)93.82
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)93.2593.27
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)3.9
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)41.7457.8350.6250.19
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)46.4463.5655.2855.01
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)44.1360.7552.9952.65
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)28.2825.5425.32
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)33.2629.1227.42
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)30.8127.3626.39
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)162,984163,786156,778157,758
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)198,620197,898190,231191,995
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)361,604361,684347,009349,753
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)42.543.339.338.7
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)40.638.936.635.0
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)20.319.514.1
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)0.90.90.9
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)0.90.90.9
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)0.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)2.72.62.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)3.13.02.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)2.92.82.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)2.52.22.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)3.12.62.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)2.82.42.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)0.10.10.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)0.20.20.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)0.10.10.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)74.41
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)71.98
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)73.08
National accounts
United Nations Statistics Division
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)4.04.45.05.8
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)60.968.376.989.4
Prices
Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)10.049.009.009.00-14.40-16.364.912.90
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)696.00758.64826.91901.34
Energy
African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)283317331347
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)0000
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)368404419432
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)0000
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)77.167.35
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)345352359378450
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)79.0082.0086.0090.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)140.3160.3160.7
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)0.10.20.20.20.2
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)375413426439
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Tourism
World Bank, World Tourism Organization
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)48.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)119.0114.0142.0
Overnight stays (thousands)143.0144.0143.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)5.55.55.6
Transport

Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Information society
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)1.931.971.961.94
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)1.931.981.961.951.891.86
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)417,400475,000506,000695,000
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)12.6014.2114.9920.36
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)12.5614.2215.0420.4637.4750.65
International trade
International Road Federation
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)
Banking, insurance, financial statistics
International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)15.38
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)15.3815.3815.3515.0715.0715.07
Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics
World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)-1.0-0.6-1.71.3-0.5-1.6-1.6-0.4
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)-0.36-3.14-1.66-6.044.210.61-4.42-3.98
International reserves - current USD (millions)151.8145.1145.4143.4163.0191.7
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)84.294.166.879.1
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)136.56180.71167.51202.54185.61187.09182.17170.82164.23
Balance of payments
International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)17.3420.7615.3223.9615.4413.0111.3813.47
Current account balance - current USD (millions)160.0-61.0-105.0-137.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)46.549.352.355.561.067.173.870.5
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)837.2886.5938.8
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)837.2886.5938.8
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)
Services Balance - current USD (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)-12.10
Trade balance - current USD (millions)
Environment
United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Indicator2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)15.00
Land area covered by forest (%)