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Djibouti

Official language: French, Arabic
Currency: Djibouti Franc
Capital City: Djibouti (city)
Area: 23200km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

1152329.0K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

3.7B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

51.9

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

64.4

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	1.70	1.65	1.64	1.60	1.55	1.43	1.37	1.37	1.39	1.38
Population - Urban (%)	77.40	77.50	77.60
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	59.7	59.9	60.4	60.6	60.7	60.1	59.7	60.3	61.2	61.8
Total fertility rate (per woman)	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7
Population - Urban (number)	717,972	730,569	743,079	755,533	768,001	780,538	793,138	805,774	818,418	831,056
Median age (years)	22.1	22.4	22.7	23.0	23.2	23.5	23.7	24.0	24.2	24.5
Population - Male (number)	500,482	508,833	517,142	525,424	533,627	541,471	548,891	556,265	563,824	571,547
Population - Urban (%)	77.42	77.53	77.65	77.78	77.92	78.06	78.22	78.38	78.55	78.73
Population - Total (number)	1,006,259	1,023,262	1,040,233	1,057,198	1,073,994	1,090,156	1,105,558	1,120,849	1,136,455	1,152,329
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	62.0	62.2	62.8	63.0	63.1	62.7	62.3	62.9	63.7	64.3
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	64.3	64.5	65.3	65.6	65.6	65.5	65.0	65.5	66.3	66.8
Population - Female (%)	50.26	50.27	50.29	50.30	50.31	50.33	50.35	50.37	50.39
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	1.74	1.70	1.66	1.64	1.62	1.60	1.58	1.56	1.53	1.50
Population - Female (number)	505,777	514,429	523,091	531,774	540,368	548,686	556,667	564,584	572,631	580,783
Population - Male (%)	52.86	52.76	52.68	52.63	52.59	52.53

Health

World Bank, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	59.5	57.7	55.7	53.8	52.0	50.4	48.8	47.0
	70.4	68.3	66.2	64.2	62.3	60.2	58.3	56.6
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	47.00
	71.1	69.1	67.1	65.0	62.9	60.9	58.8
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)					16.20
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	36.04	36.90	37.77	38.63	39.49	39.53	39.56	39.60
	60.1	58.3	56.4	54.4	52.6	50.8	49.0
	65.2	63.2	61.0	59.1	57.3	55.4	53.7	51.9
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	15.90
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	74.00	75.00	81.00	86.00
	65.6	63.8	61.9	59.9	57.9	56.0	54.1

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	67.95	67.35	58.22	59.94	65.30	65.53	66.70	67.88
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	47.95	48.85	42.04	44.54	44.09	45.95	47.18	48.41
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)			4.9
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	37.28
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	33.0	31.1	30.4	29.4
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	33,723	33,095	33,078	33,918	36,851	36,966	37,607	38,326
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)			3.6
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	63.10	59.49	62.02	62.59	66.48	65.41	63.90
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	58.79	55.42	58.28	61.15	66.48	68.43	68.99
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	3.4	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)					88.07	90.43	87.16
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	47.93	48.95	81.03	48.91	47.87	47.50	49.00	52.60
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	3.0	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)			2.5
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	3.2	3.2	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	3.0	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.2
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	46.76	48.11	38.52	40.95	41.01	42.63	43.32	45.01
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)					88.25	89.45	86.40
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	51.71	52.71	84.25	51.73	51.38	50.13	53.39	56.10
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	70.13	69.38	55.01	56.23	61.51	61.92	63.02	64.40
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	55.42	56.39	77.90	54.50	54.83	52.70	57.69	59.54
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	72.83	71.89	51.72	52.44	57.63	58.24	59.26	60.84
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	45.32	47.22	34.94	37.29	37.89	39.24	39.40	41.55
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)	0.50	0.55			0.40		0.71
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)					88.47	88.31	85.58
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	38.27
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	3.4	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	60.72	57.25	59.96	61.80	66.48	67.00	66.52
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	37.82
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	62,940	61,755	61,846	62,979	68,701	69,134	70,324	71,958
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	29,217	28,660	28,768	29,061	31,850	32,168	32,717	33,632
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	22.8	23.8	22.7	25.4	26.8

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	290.3	313.5	327.8
Industry (%)							11.84
Industry (%)	12.12	11.80	12.42	11.77	11.77	11.97
Services (%)	86.63	86.82	86.04	86.87	86.86	86.65
Services (%)							86.79
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	1.6	1.8	1.8
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	1,975,506,925	2,265,000,162	2,461,755,721	2,726,996,001	3,036,709,674	3,348,941,622	3,723,961,398	4,113,320,568
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	4,207	4,385	4,638	5,152	5,589	5,713	6,188
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	2,445,484,583	2,608,178,442	2,748,947,275	2,889,996,524	3,050,248,427	3,086,912,819	3,235,469,038	3,355,697,399

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	-0.85	2.74	0.57	0.15	3.32	1.78	1.12
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	-1.61	2.41	-0.84	1.97	3.26	0.31	2.55
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	-0.85	2.74	0.57	0.15	3.32	1.78	1.12
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	169.31	173.37	178.57
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	112.48	115.56	116.22	116.39	120.25	122.39	123.76
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	1.93	2.40	3.00	0.15	3.32	2.88	2.35

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	364	373	383
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	480	488	497
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	177.8	87.8	58.7	58	60
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	3.02	3.05
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	863.00	907.00	955.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	130.3	130.3
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)		0.0
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	361	370	380
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			135,000	136,000	138,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	0.0	0.0	0.0
Overnight stays (thousands)	183.0	178.0	166.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	5.25	6.15
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	30.9	33.5	36.2	57.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	35.1	35.1
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
			13.14
			56.34
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	2.51	2.68	3.87	3.84
	0.00	57.61	70.00	70.00	75.00	75.00	90.00
			12.33
			3,255	3,404	3,366	8,987	4,671
	22.90	30.80	55.68	58.00	59.00	59.00
			15.30
			11.91
			1.98	2.04	1.9	1.39	0.83
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	31.24	33.74	35.86	37.37	38.54	39.81	44.26
			51.57
			535	560	598	948	736
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	34.39	37.16	39.51	41.20
	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.00	50.00	70.00	90.00
			16.16
	22.90	30.80	55.68	58.00	59.00	59.00
			19.93
							68.86
			4.52
			61.32
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	314,350	345,246	373,052	395,037	413,866
			13.03
			15.94
								1.5
	2.4	2.37	2.34	2.41	2.27	2.3	1.32
			0.31	0.32	0.31	0.82	0.42
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	2.28	2.44	3.52	3.49	3.46	3.57	2.47
	24,165	24,275	24,389	25,508	24,416	25,053	14,579
			85.00	85.00	90.00	90.00	90.00
			20,599	21,544	20,452	15,118	9,172
			0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.07
, 2018=100			314,960	9,684,890	106,850	401,850	14,209,020

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	3,526	2,703	4,147	4,563	5,150	3,683
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	2,981	2,847	4,306	4,189	4,764	3,415

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	177.72	177.72	177.72	177.72	177.72
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	177.72
Deposit rate (%) (%)

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-15.3	-8.3	-4.5	-2.8	-0.9	-1.3	-2.0	-1.8
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	170.4	187.2	134.1
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	39.91	45.69	47.92	46.51	39.14	41.04	43.18	38.22
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-15.32	-8.26	-4.50	-2.78	-0.85	-1.61	-1.91
International reserves - current USD (millions)	364.9	407.4		454.2	501.9	686.3	588.4
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	183.69	198.61	140.12
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	51.20	67.42	86.00	83.77	85.23	86.91	97.70
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Capital Account, Capital transfers,General government - Net (National Currency)	8,474	6,020	4,643	13,061	7,842	6,510	13,673	4,573
Current Account, Goods and Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	96,856	-25666.46	-28334.28	66,488	68,601	48,003	-57422.03	102,677
Current Account, Primary income, Other primary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)								23,594
Financial account, Reserve assets, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-4406	7,565	28,271	-19903	7,223	32,352	-17371	479.14
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,629	1,789
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Current Account, Primary income, Compensation of employees, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	7,058	7,151	7,344	10,638	14,122	11,084	13,916	9,700
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-11857.2	-21366	-29855.2	-35904.98	-30799.71	-28601.8	-24640	-21250.8
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)
Capital Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	8,474	6,020	4,643	13,061	7,842	6,510	13,673	4,573
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	29.21	-0.99	-4.79	14.23	17.00	10.74	-1.00
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	28.0	28.1	28.7
Current Account, Secondary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	34,876	35,250	27,303	34,954	48,307	34,624	28,140	1,901
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-736.9	-566.2	-625.6
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	72,834	80,008	45,180	80,851	93,830	70,504	71,103	54,093
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	224.8	206.3	204.5
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	143.8	160.0	164.9	170.0	175.0	158.2	166.8
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-301.7	-170.0	-293.6
Current Account, Primary income, Other primary income, Rent, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)								21,424
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.0	0.0	0.0
Capital Account, Capital transfers - Net (National Currency)	8,474	6,020	4,643	13,061	7,842	6,510	13,673	4,573
Current Account, Primary income, Other primary income, Subsidies, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)								2,170
Net errors and omissions, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)	-196901.25	-80522.4	1,937	-155836.92	-163488.32	-67835.45	-40136.97	-207365.97
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	29.7	13.5	-8.0
Total, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)	-149905.81	-218879.2	-275342.72	-348500.74	-390931.83	-386552.41		-499304.56
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Direct investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-10737.2	-16294	-21589.2	-23307.98	-23761.71	-21063.8	-20482	-20837
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Other investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-1120	-5072	-8266	-12597	-7038	-7538	-4158	-413.8
Current Account, Goods and Services,Goods , Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	24,022	-105674	-73514	-14363	-25229	-22501	-128525	48,584
Current Account, Secondary income, General government, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	30,746	33,210	25,353	30,097	45,245	32,763	26,249	-291
Current Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	126,933	-4631.16	-23542.48	76,175	100,230	65,110	-40006.03	116,622
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Goods , General merchandise on a balance of payments basis, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	24,022	-105674	-73514	-14363	-25229	-22501	-128525	48,584
Financial account, Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from financial account), National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-61494.54	-79133.56	-16962.46	-66600.7	-55415.93	3,784	-66470	-86171.45
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,629	1,789
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from current and capital account), Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)	135,407	1,389	-18899.48	89,236	108,072	71,620	-26333.03	121,195
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	180.8	176.3	135.5
Current Account, Primary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)	-4799.2	-14215	-22511.2	-25266.98	-16677.71	-17517.8	-10724	12,044

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.69	0.67
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	0.20
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.25	0.25
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		1.32	1.23	1.23	1.23	1.23	1.23	1.23
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		1.32	1.23

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Djibouti

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