ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ghana

Official language: English
Currency: Ghanian Cedi
Capital City: Accra
Area: 238533km²
Subregional membership(s): West Africa, Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

30417.9K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

59.0B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

49.3

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

104.8

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	16.45	16.17	15.96	15.82	15.61	15.47	15.26	15.05	14.84
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	23.80	23.80	23.80	21.49	21.49	21.49
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	438.6	441.0	443.6	446.3	448.9	451.5	454.0	456.3	458.4
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	425.6	428.0	430.3	432.7	434.9	437.1	439.0	440.9	442.7
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	432.0	434.4	436.9	439.4	441.8	444.2	446.5	448.5	450.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)				78.82		77.42
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)				55.37		48.58
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)				60.76		54.25
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)				74.48		68.04
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)				75.53		75.81
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)				68.81		71.19
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)				54.53		59.43
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)				44.66		47.88
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)				36.12		39.13
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)				54.81		56.21
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)				26.95		29.89
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)				21.28		22.68
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)				16.17		17.29
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)				31.57		32.06
Population - Female (%)	345.73	345.66	345.52	345.45	345.38	345.31	345.31	345.24	345.17
Population - Female (thousands)	89,880	91,968	94,075	96,211	98,376	100,567	102,780	105,012
Population - Male (%)	354.27	354.34	354.48	354.55	354.62	354.69	354.69	354.76	354.83
Population - Male (thousands)	92,095	94,286	96,497	98,734	100,998	103,284	105,590	107,913
Population - Total (thousands)	181,975	186,254	190,571	194,944	199,374	203,850	208,370	212,925
Population - Urban (%)	364.70	368.90	373.80	378.70	382.90	387.80	392.70	396.90
Population - Urban (%)	364.70	368.90	373.80	378.70	382.90	387.80
Population - Urban (thousands)	93,800	97,279	100,821	104,426	108,101	111,832
Total fertility rate (per woman)	29.3	29.1	28.6	28.3	27.9	27.5	27.1	26.7	26.4

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	448.0	455.0
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	2,268	2,247	2,254	2,233
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	672.00	672.00	672.00
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	616.00	623.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	595.00	609.00	616.00	623.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	98.00	105.00	105.00	105.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	484.4	465.5	448.0	431.2

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)				499.45
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)				574.28
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)				535.99
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)		7.1	7.1
Gender parity index in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional numeracy skills (ratio)		4.1
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)	0.6	8.9	8.8	8.6	8.5
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	8.2	8.3	7.6	7.6	7.5
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	10.5	9.9	9.8	9.4	9.0
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.4	8.0
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	755.02	749.98	737.31	760.97	750.96	738.50
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	757.40	751.45	737.80	760.06	739.83	728.56
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	756.28	750.75	737.59	760.48	745.29	733.46
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	376.88	456.12	438.55	468.02	480.41	483.07
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	419.65	501.13	467.39	493.36	496.51	495.95
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	398.72	479.08	453.25	480.97	488.67	489.65
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	64.89	76.09	87.01	90.58	91.42	94.71
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	106.19	119.70	130.27	130.34	127.19	130.76
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	85.61	98.21	108.99	110.88	109.69	113.12
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	659.33	682.78		494.34
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	689.92	701.26		725.13
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	653.73	675.99	681.94	607.67	704.83	691.39
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)				634.20
Low to high socio-economic parity status index in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional numeracy skills (ratio)		2.5
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	49.0	49.0	49.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	572.53	601.93	614.67	628.46	609.07	597.17
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)		599.97	612.29	625.17	597.59	587.30
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	562.73	600.95	613.48	626.78	603.19	592.13
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)		362.32	363.30	389.48	393.54	396.13
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)		381.92	374.22	397.74	392.77	390.81
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		372.33	368.90	393.68	393.12	393.40
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)		606.76	693.28
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)		614.18	700.00
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)		599.62	686.84
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	13,909,112	14,067,865	14,107,947	14,882,917	15,035,979	15,139,971	15,182,293	15,705,858
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	14,525,070	14,673,526	14,712,117	15,513,288	15,471,253	15,611,456	15,626,065	16,143,267
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	28,434,182	28,741,391	28,820,064	30,396,205	30,507,232	30,751,427	30,808,358	31,849,125
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	230.9	252.9	312.8	260.0	214.1	270.8	253.0
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	125.1	122.7	110.7	116.3	118.9	109.5	112.1	106.2
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	206.5	188.7	207.3	202.5	190.9
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	6.5	6.7	6.7
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	6.0	6.1	6.3
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	4.3
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	46.1	45.8	44.9	46.6	46.2	45.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	46.5	45.9	45.0	46.6	45.6	44.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	46.3	45.9	45.0	46.6	45.9	45.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	26.7	28.0	26.7	28.6	29.3	29.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	30.0	31.0	28.6	30.2	30.3	30.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	28.4	29.5	27.7	29.4	29.8	29.8
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	3.2	3.8	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.8
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	5.3	6.0	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	4.3	4.9	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)		576.03			582.47
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)		595.70			607.11
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	552.30	585.97			594.86

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	388.6	443.0	375.2	344.3	385.1	413.0
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	697.8	865.6	1,088	1,263	1,506	1,797

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	815.36	910.42	1,051	1,232	1,447	1,626	1,753	1,879	2,065
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	49.91	81.69	108.43	120.05	122.15	86.59	54.67	50.26
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	59.85	94.50	118.93	123.83	107.52	82.74	40.60	55.30	72.87
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	49.91	81.69	108.43	120.05	122.15	86.59	54.67	50.26	69.65
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	56.84	94.43	118.93	123.83	107.52	69.65
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	719.32	816.41	955.08	1,124	1,297	1,426

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	38,850	58,002	68,656	65,548	67,172	68,887
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	64,806	74,080
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	27,671	32,445	32,004	39,501	52,045	53,620
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	27,671	32,438
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	56,490	57,631	58,709	40,915	39,074	41,510
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	56,497	57,631
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	21	28	28.14	28.35
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	28,931	33,698	33,264	40,768	53,305	60,228	72,625
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	21,455	22,225	22,050	25,116	25,949	26,901
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	15,526	21,336	21,336	26,939	26,610
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	20.4	21.3	21.3	27.1	28.0	32.3	35.7
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	84,161	90,097	90,741	80,437	84,084	87,990
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	85,428	91,329

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	6,832	6,874	6,629	9,835	10,997
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	48.02	43.61	47.11	38.71	38.15
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	8,078	7,070	7,189	6,377	6,664	6,433	6,972
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	6,321	6,958	7,651
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	6,321	6,958	5,775	6,279
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	48.44	43.54	44.87	45.15		37.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	58.94	53.97	55.09	54.74		43.40

Transport

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	1.89	1.89	1.89	1.89
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)	0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)	1.75
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)	0.00
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	7.70	7.14	6.72	6.93	6.16	7.28	6.58	6.65
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	74.20	105.00	178.64	175.00	242.69	265.16
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	179,328,989	196,185,374	212,525,397	245,058,709	268,135,546	257,262,327	286,544,125
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	689.85	737.31	780.64	879.97	941.43	883.40	962.64	940.24
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)	0.3
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)	451.1
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)	6.2
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	476.9	481.6	491.2	511.9
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	74.20	86.10	132.30	164.36
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	609.00			677.53
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)	280.00		490.00	560.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)			70.00	161.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - current USD (billions)	387.5	535.4	438.8	240.7

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Deposit rate (%) (%)	70.35	86.45	90.30	93.38
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.60	13.65
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.60	13.86	20.30	25.97	27.37	30.45	32.13	36.54
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	105.00	112.00	147.00	182.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	22.3	41.8	38.4	44.0	74.6	72.7
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	12,595	9,297	7,862	12,381	9,214	8,797
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	489.44	352.87	291.62	448.84	326.62	305.06
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	249.06	302.54	358.12	383.81	399.84	400.89	416.92	433.93

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	2.0	2.4		3.3	1.9	1.7
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-82.04	-83.51	-66.78	-53.83	-46.76	-31.64
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-34,382.0	-39,928.2	-25,862.0	-19,765.5	-19,824.3	-14,018.5
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	178.7	-8,834.5	-1,004.3	-3,335.1
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-32,219.5	-46,318.0	-26,866.3	-19,683.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	23,054	22,584	23,499	22,346	24,397	22,785
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	116,353	138,937	162,436	184,782	209,176
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	7.6	61.7	82.6	1,550	102.9	111.3
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	765.5	827.2	909.8	2,459	2,560
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-7,852.7	-4,612.5	-5,851.5	-6,300.0
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-14,909.7	-9,459.8	-12,021.8	-7,776.3	-8,554.5	-19,186.4
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	16,837	13,576	14,059	18,184	10,196	16,969
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-6,833.8	-17,106.3	-18,216.7	-8,166.2	-9,053.0	-20,111.1
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)			-25.90
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-29,475.7	-26,938.2	-9,682.8	-22,007.1	-12,413.3	8,310
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	15,033	13,014	13,992	16,627

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	190.40	177.80
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)				287.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

Ghana

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