ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ghana

Official language: English
Currency: Ghanian Cedi
Capital City: Accra
Area: 238533km²
Subregional membership(s): West Africa, Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

34777522.5K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

79.1B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

42.3

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

97.9

₂₀₂₁

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.35	2.33	2.14	2.10	2.08	2.06	1.96	1.92	1.90	1.90
Population - Urban (%)	54.10	54.70	55.40
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	61.4	61.9	62.1	62.2	62.7	61.9	61.6	61.8	62.4	63.5
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4
Population - Urban (number)	14,918,455	15,442,824	15,975,765	16,517,220	17,067,171	17,625,567	18,192,301	18,767,205	19,350,121	19,940,842
Median age (years)	19.7	19.8	19.9	20.0	20.1	20.2	20.4	20.5	20.7	20.9
Population - Male (number)	14,397,364	14,739,510	15,073,582	15,398,027	15,723,679	16,051,315	16,375,536	16,695,115	17,016,528	17,342,843
Population - Urban (%)	54.09	54.75	55.41	56.06	56.71	57.35	57.98	58.62	59.24	59.85
Population - Total (number)	28,870,939	29,554,303	30,222,262	30,870,641	31,522,290	32,180,402	32,833,032	33,475,871	34,121,985	34,777,523
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	63.2	63.9	64.0	64.1	64.7	64.1	63.8	64.0	64.5	65.6
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	65.0	65.9	65.9	66.1	66.8	66.4	66.0	66.1	66.7	67.8
Population - Female (%)	50.13	50.13	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.12	50.13	50.13
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	3.45	3.39	3.33	3.28	3.22	3.16	3.11	3.06	3.01	2.96
Population - Female (number)	14,473,575	14,814,793	15,148,680	15,472,614	15,798,612	16,129,087	16,457,496	16,780,756	17,105,458	17,434,680
Population - Male (%)	50.65	50.66	50.67	50.67	50.68	50.69

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	49.7	47.6	45.6	43.8	42.1	40.5	39.1	37.8
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	60.6	58.1	55.8	53.7	51.9	50.0	48.2	46.7
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	15.00
	60.8	58.3	56.1	53.9	52.0	50.1	48.4
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)			12.60					12.00
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	11.74	12.33	12.92	13.51	14.09	14.67	15.26	15.83
	49.7	47.7	45.7	43.9	42.2	40.6	39.3
	55.3	53.0	50.9	48.9	47.1	45.3	43.8	42.3
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	5.00
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)			97.60	97.10	97.40
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	89.00	89.00	95.00	92.00
	55.4	53.1	51.0	49.1	47.2	45.5	44.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	108.36	106.09	99.49	97.64	98.63	96.95	98.04
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	69.63	70.01	67.99	69.00	71.45	73.96	75.84
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)				92.21		93.36
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)			7.4
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	55.01	55.50	55.82	58.78	57.88
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	31.3	30.6	27.3	27.3	27.0
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	2,216,184	2,210,179	2,230,208	2,232,295	2,306,181	2,319,908	2,394,880
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)			6.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	89.46	87.10	85.75	85.08	86.61	92.60
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	89.12	85.69	84.63	83.90	85.73	81.81
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.6
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)		86.73	80.83
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	76.57			79.04		80.38
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	18.62	18.17	18.68
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	72.50	73.40	70.96	70.96	76.00	76.80
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	6.7	6.6	6.0	5.9	6.0	6.0	6.0
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)			5.2
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.7	6.6	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.6
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	71.35			74.47		76.19
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	67.91	68.90	66.38	67.75	70.61	73.27	75.31
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	28.9	27.3		26.5
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)		84.98	81.59
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	69.00	69.70	68.88	68.88	71.40	72.00
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	108.34	106.73	99.05	97.32	98.38	96.87	97.90
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	18.68	18.51	19.15	18.33	19.09	19.84	20.07	21.00
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	15.84	15.67	16.16
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	75.50	76.50	73.15	73.15	79.40	80.40
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	12.72	12.99	13.53	13.66	15.74	17.44	18.29	19.77
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)				92.76		93.59
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	108.32	107.40	98.60	96.98	98.12	96.79	97.77
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	66.10	67.75	64.74	66.48	69.75	72.58	74.78
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	12.94	13.06	13.53
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)		0.69	0.98			1.00
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	90.60			92.49		93.48
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)		83.21	82.38
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	56.14	55.38	55.08	57.76	56.63
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	6.7	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.0
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	82.04			83.52		84.49
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	15.73	15.78	16.37	16.02	17.43	18.65	19.19	20.39
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	89.29	86.38	85.18	84.48	86.16	87.16
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	55.58	55.44	55.44	58.26	57.24
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	4,342,315	4,358,176	4,393,061	4,401,194	4,549,875	4,584,381	4,729,514
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,126,131	2,147,997	2,162,853	2,168,899	2,243,694	2,264,473	2,334,634
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	16.6	17.0	15.6	16.0	15.2

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	4,094,853,223	3,793,777,542	4,368,674,770	4,197,198,209	3,940,134,817	4,486,962,253	5,152,949,405	4,301,201,426
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	180.4	215.1	256.7
Industry (%)							30.10
Changes in inventories (US dollars)	348,744,176	353,552,274	410,193,769	343,275,160	416,328,681	394,286,506	225,075,954	150,953,993
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	16,927,325,402	17,519,736,884	20,462,657,797	22,507,459,554	25,598,103,485	22,081,380,372	23,901,160,000	25,742,684,860
Industry (%)	33.97	29.95	32.21	33.53	33.24	31.64
Services (%)	44.22	47.50	46.76	46.97	48.24	47.88
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	40,601,629,052	44,951,721,223	50,272,893,123	53,377,185,078	56,923,632,066	59,747,454,430	68,041,822,256	62,371,076,817
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	5,552,913,432	6,077,310,247	6,132,250,057	6,808,524,987	6,945,546,262	7,671,859,371	8,656,571,734	8,528,725,567
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	11,475,389,735	11,760,186,995	13,723,371,347	16,778,261,258	17,323,076,285	16,439,641,254	17,435,974,293	19,298,437,928
Services (%)							48.91
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	9,998,101,800	11,707,233,290	11,815,864,909	12,201,732,137	11,841,030,102	13,205,772,998	15,632,492,170	14,432,685,175
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	3,778,173,235	4,535,378,992	5,178,747,187	6,134,739,624	6,461,850,207	7,215,188,377	8,686,363,393	6,905,262,410
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	49.2	55.0	59.0
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	40,601,629,052	40,246,297,757	42,022,559,117	43,542,323,958	49,321,962,570	50,509,205,038	54,353,604,144	56,604,622,026
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	144,984	142,203	148,983	161,999	175,629	178,482	193,768
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	50,033,911,995	51,721,788,867	55,926,198,733	59,393,666,493	63,258,872,547	63,583,986,246	66,811,805,987	68,868,093,363
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	7,510,769,172	9,443,388,985	10,289,850,511	12,104,374,941	12,698,755,280	12,673,448,994	14,407,794,849	13,468,875,435
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	13,515,473,287	13,943,660,772	11,407,972,532	14,262,120,350	12,329,732,503	12,370,133,957	13,323,243,655	11,828,748,120

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18		-56.07	20.39
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	17.69	15.36	11.82	5.80	7.90	10.41	-55.00	18.92
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18		-56.07	20.39
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	160.58	185.25	203.69
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	175.97	206.69	232.26	250.39	268.36	295.06	129.61	156.03
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	17.69	15.36	9.95	9.84	7.14	9.88	8.97

Energy

United Nations Statistics Division, African Union Commission, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Conventional crude oil - Losses (terajoules)	1,638	2,016	1,638	1,134	1,874	1,858
Conventional crude oil - Losses, metric tons (thousands)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	11,491	12,012	12,570
Conventional crude oil - Production, metric tons (thousands)	5.4	4.6	8.4	8.9	10.2	9.6
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Import, metric tons (thousands)	0.3	1.4	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.7
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Conventional crude oil - Import (terajoules)	13,020	60,732	9,786	8,274	34,877	29,057
Conventional crude oil - Transformation, metric tons (thousands)	0.4	1.4	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.6
Conventional crude oil - Export (terajoules)	218,778	179,424	341,922	372,120	425,909	404,749
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation (terajoules)	16,674	57,498	11,382	17,052	31,708	23,420
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	9,364	9,596	9,841
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	5,824	7,615	8,604	10,375
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	4.02	4.05
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3.9	4.0	4.6	5.1
Conventional crude oil - Energy industries own use (terajoules)	378	3,360	168	966	958.44	873.18
Conventional crude oil - Production (terajoules)	224,742	193,788	351,960	372,792	428,637	401,561
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)	13,918	60,816	6,972	17,094	37,030	22,103
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	3,588	3,707	3,843
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3,848	3,801
Conventional crude oil - Change in stocks (terajoules)	5,066	14,280	12,852	-8148	574.56	3,766
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	5,845	5,582	5,930
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	5,643	7,435	7,660
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Export, metric tons (thousands)	5.2	4.3	8.1	8.9	10.1	9.6
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			2,861,000	2,918,000	2,977,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.45		5.30
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.82		6.20
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	897.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	5.53	5.45
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	911.0	952.0	919.0	996.0	1,490	191.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	1,405	1,571
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.99	0.88	1.04	0.94	0.95
	80.00	80.00	80.00	80.00	95.82	95.82	95.82

	23.00	28.00	37.88	43.00	22.07	58.00	68.60

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	121.26	129.61	121.60	132.60	129.61	125.73	123.21

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	125.71	134.49	126.20	137.52	134.32
	23.00	34.86	34.86	34.86	67.65	67.65	67.65
	23.00	28.00	37.88	43.00	53.00	58.00
							68.20
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	35,008,387	38,305,078	36,751,761	40,934,875	40,857,077
								0.62
	0.25	0.29	0.19	0.2	0.19	0.24	0.35

Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.95	0.85	1.00	0.90	0.92	0.96	0.96
	73,132	86,596	56,810	61,268	58,518	78,371	114,543
	96.79	96.79	96.79	96.79	96.98	96.98	96.98


, 2018=100	38,643,600	75,750,500	63,775,490	12,819,230	38,256,980	17,344,420	11,878,660

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	21,091	20,603	22,152	23,221	26,908	12,465	22,132
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	16,715	17,520	20,464	22,515	25,592	14,514	23,207

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

United Nations Statistics Division, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	3.71	3.91	4.35	4.59	5.22
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	26.00
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)
Deposit rate (%) (%)	13.34

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	6.3	9.5	10.1	11.7	9.8	12.0	21.9
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-7.4	-14.8	-10.4	-21.0	-25.7	-61.2	-55.6	-52.2
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,769	1,316	1,257
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	53.90	55.94	56.98	61.98	62.69	78.30	81.81	83.23
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-4.01	-6.75	-3.97	-6.79	-7.29	-15.63	-11.63
International reserves - current USD (millions)	5,743	5,867		6,295	7,563	7,884	9,814
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	64.12	46.66	43.58
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	41.90	39.52	39.21	36.68	41.33	45.03	47.84
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	351.3	365.7
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-476.4
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	2,375
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-5.71	-5.11	-3.32	-3.04	-2.74	-3.15	-3.01
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-3,143.9	-1,773.3	1,187
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-2,811.9
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-1,166.6	-1,293.3	-2,873.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	3,192	3,485	3,255	2,989	2,827	1,876	2,614
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-2,823.6	-2,832.0	-2,002.6
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.5	0.3	0.2
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1,110.9	-1,222.1	-2,740.9
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	221.4	14.7	15.9	81.0	587.8	542.4	191.8
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-900.0
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	26,397	29,882
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	2,598	1,457	2,424

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.59	0.59
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	15.8	16.1	17.0	18.7	20.0
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)	0.50	0.40
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	41.00
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	34.63	34.82	35.00	35.03	35.06	35.10
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		7.79	7.79	7.79	7.79	7.68	7.68	7.68
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		7.79	7.79

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