ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ghana

Official language: English
Currency: Ghanian Cedi
Capital City: Accra
Area: 238533km²
Subregional membership(s): West Africa, Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

30417.9K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

59.0B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

49.3

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

104.8

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	19.20	18.80	18.48	18.24	18.08	17.84	17.68	17.44	17.20	16.96
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	27.20	27.20	27.20	27.20	24.56	24.56	24.56
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	498.5	501.2	504.0	507.0	510.0	513.0	516.0	518.8	521.4	523.8
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	483.7	486.4	489.1	491.8	494.5	497.0	499.5	501.8	503.9	505.9
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	491.0	493.8	496.5	499.4	502.2	505.0	507.7	510.2	512.6	514.8
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					90.08		88.48
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					63.28		55.52
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					69.44		62.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					85.12		77.76
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					86.32		86.64
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					78.64		81.36
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					62.32		67.92
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					51.04		54.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					41.28		44.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					62.64		64.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					30.80		34.16
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					24.32		25.92
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					18.48		19.76
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					36.08		36.64
Population - Female (%)	392.96	392.96
Population - Female (thousands)	100,345	102,721	105,106	107,514	109,955	112,430	114,933	117,463	120,014
Population - Male (thousands)	102,757	105,251	107,755	110,282	112,839	115,426	118,038	120,674	123,329
Population - Total (thousands)	203,102	207,972	212,861	217,796	222,794	227,856	232,972	238,137	243,343
Population - Urban (%)	411.20	416.80	421.60	427.20	432.80	437.60	443.20	448.80	453.60
Population - Urban (%)	411.20	416.80	421.60	427.20	432.80	437.60	443.20
Population - Urban (thousands)	103,288	107,200	111,176	115,224	119,344	123,544	127,808
Total fertility rate (per woman)	33.8	33.5	33.2	32.7	32.3	31.8	31.4	31.0	30.6	30.2

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	480.0	512.0	520.0
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	2,560	2,592	2,568	2,576	2,552
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)	107.20
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	768.00	768.00	768.00	768.00
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	44.80
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)	107.20
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	728.00	704.00	712.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	44.80	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	672.00	680.00	696.00	704.00	712.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	112.00	112.00	120.00	120.00	120.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	575.2	553.6	532.0	512.0	492.8

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)					570.80
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)					656.32
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)					612.56
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)	5.5
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)			8.2	8.2
Gender parity index in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional numeracy skills (ratio)			4.6
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)	10.6	0.7	10.2	10.1	9.8	9.8
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	9.8	9.4	9.5	8.7	8.6	8.6
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	12.7	12.0	11.3	11.2	10.7	10.3
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)	8.6	8.3	8.5	8.4	8.5	9.1
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	849.44	862.88	857.12	842.64	869.68	858.24	844.00
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	857.04	865.60	858.80	843.20	868.64	845.52	832.64
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	834.24	864.32	858.00	842.96	869.12	851.76	838.24
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	431.92	430.72	521.28	501.20	534.88	549.04	552.08
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	480.40	479.60	572.72	534.16	563.84	567.44	566.80
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	456.64	455.68	547.52	518.00	549.68	558.48	559.60
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	71.84	74.16	86.96	99.44	103.52	104.48	108.24
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	121.44	121.36	136.80	148.88	148.96	145.36	149.44
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	96.64	97.84	112.24	124.56	126.72	125.36	129.28
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)		753.52	780.32		564.96
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)		788.48	801.44		828.72
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)		747.12	772.56	779.36	694.48	805.52	790.16
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)					724.80
Low to high socio-economic parity status index in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional numeracy skills (ratio)			2.9
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	56.0	56.0	56.0	56.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	668.24	654.32	687.92	702.48	718.24	696.08	682.48
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)			685.68	699.76	714.48	682.96	671.20
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	667.84	643.12	686.80	701.12	716.32	689.36	676.72
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)			414.08	415.20	445.12	449.76	452.72
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)			436.48	427.68	454.56	448.88	446.64
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)			425.52	421.60	449.92	449.28	449.60
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)			693.44	792.32
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)			701.92	800.00
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)			685.28	784.96
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	248.3	263.8	253.4	240.6	250.1	244.6	218.4
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	149.4	143.0	140.2	126.6	132.9	135.8	125.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)		236.0	215.6	236.9	231.4	218.2
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	7.6	7.4	7.7	7.7
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	6.9	6.9	7.0	7.2
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	4.7	4.9
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)	3.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	52.1	52.7	52.3	51.4	53.3	52.8	51.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	52.6	53.1	52.5	51.4	53.3	52.1	51.3
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	52.4	52.9	52.4	51.4	53.3	52.4	51.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	30.6	30.5	32.0	30.6	32.6	33.4	33.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	34.3	34.2	35.4	32.7	34.6	34.6	34.6
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	32.5	32.4	33.8	31.7	33.6	34.1	34.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	3.6	3.7	4.3	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	6.1	6.1	6.8	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	4.8	4.9	5.6	6.2	6.3	6.2	6.5
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			658.32			665.68
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			680.80			693.84
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)		631.20	669.68			679.84

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	633.4	797.5	989.2	1,243	1,443	1,721	2,053
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	419.0	444.1	506.2	428.8	393.5	440.1	472.0

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	869.84	931.84	1,040	1,202	1,408	1,654	1,858	2,003	2,147
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	69.84	57.04	93.36	123.92	137.20	139.60	98.96	62.48	57.44
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	68.64	68.40	108.00	135.92	141.52	122.88	94.56	46.40	63.20
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	69.84	57.04	93.36	123.92	137.20	139.60	98.96	62.48	57.44
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	66.96	64.96	107.92	135.92	141.52	122.88	79.60
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	760.32	822.08	933.04	1,092	1,285	1,482	1,630

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		44,400	66,288	78,464	74,912	76,768	78,728
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	73,488	74,064	84,663
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	29,112	31,624	37,080	36,576	45,144	59,480	61,280
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	60,488	64,560	65,864	67,096	46,760	44,656	47,440
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	24	32	32.16	32.4
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		24,520	25,400	25,200	28,704	29,656	30,744
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	17,424	17,744	24,384	24,384	30,787	30,411
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	89,600	96,184	102,968	103,704	91,928	96,096	100,560

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	8,208	7,808	7,856	7,576	11,240	12,568
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	43.68	54.88	49.84	53.84	44.24	43.6
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	6,376	9,232	8,080	8,216	7,288	7,616	7,352
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	6,568	7,224	7,952	8,744
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)		7,224	7,952	6,600	7,176
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	49.84	55.36	49.76	51.28	51.60		42.40
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	55.60	67.36	61.68	62.96	62.56		49.60

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	2.08	2.16	2.16	2.16	2.16
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)	0.00	0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)	1.76	2.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)	0.00	0.00
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	8.96	8.80	8.16	7.68	7.92	7.04	8.32	7.52	7.60
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	72.00	84.80	120.00	204.16	200.00	277.36	303.04
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	169,326,744	204,947,416	224,211,856	242,886,168	280,067,096	306,440,624	294,014,088	327,479,000
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	666.96	788.40	842.64	892.16	1,006	1,076	1,010	1,100	1,075
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)	0.3	0.3
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)	438.1	515.5
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)	7.0	7.1
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	521.2	545.1	550.4	561.4	585.1
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	72.00	84.80	98.40	151.20	187.84
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	679.20	696.00			774.32
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)	304.00	320.00		560.00	640.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				80.00	184.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - US dollars (billions)	157.4	442.8	611.9	501.5	275.0

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	71.28	80.40	98.80	103.20	106.72
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.08	14.40	15.60
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.08	14.40	15.84	23.20	29.68	31.28	34.80	36.72	41.76
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	100.00	120.00	128.00	168.00	208.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	19.2	25.4	47.8	43.8	50.3	85.2	83.0
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	574.4	559.36	403.28	333.28	512.96	373.28	348.64
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	14,431	14,394	10,625	8,985	14,150	10,530	10,054
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	251.44	284.64	345.76	409.28	438.64	456.96	458.16	476.48	495.92

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	3.6	2.3	2.8		3.8	2.2	1.9
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-71.68	-93.76	-95.44	-76.32	-61.52	-53.44	-36.16
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-28,330.5	-39,293.7	-45,632.3	-29,556.6	-22,589.1	-22,656.4	-16,021.1
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	-3,898.0	204.2	-10,096.5	-1,147.7	-3,811.6
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	-28,668.1	-36,822.3	-52,934.8	-30,704.3	-22,494.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	25,899	26,347	25,811	26,856	25,538	27,882	26,040
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	106,618	132,974	158,785	185,641	211,179	239,058
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	202.8	8.7	70.5	94.4	1,771	117.6	127.2
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	866.2	874.9	945.4	1,040	2,810	2,926
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-940.5	-8,974.6	-5,271.4	-6,687.5	-7,200.0
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-9,840.7	-17,039.7	-10,811.2	-13,739.2	-8,887.2	-9,776.5	-21,927.3
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	20,779	19,243	15,516	16,068	20,782	11,653	19,394
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-14,850.5	-7,810.1	-19,550.1	-20,819.1	-9,332.8	-10,346.2	-22,984.1
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-29.60
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-24,418.6	-33,686.5	-30,786.5	-11,066.0	-25,150.9	-14,186.6	9,497
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	17,077	17,180	14,873	15,991	19,003

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	80,645
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.96
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	245.60	217.60	203.20
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)	984.0
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					328.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

Ghana

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