ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Ghana

Official language: English
Currency: Ghanian Cedi
Capital City: Accra
Area: 238533km²
Subregional membership(s): West Africa, Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

31732.1K

₂₀₂₁

Mid-year population

59.0B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate

104.8

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)			4.11					2.77
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.31	2.28	2.26	2.23	2.21	2.18	2.15	2.12	2.08
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	3.40	3.40	3.07	3.07	3.07
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	63.0	63.4	63.8	64.1	64.5	64.9	65.2	65.5	65.8
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	61.1	61.5	61.8	62.1	62.4	62.7	63.0	63.2	63.5
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	62.1	62.4	62.8	63.1	63.5	63.8	64.1	64.4	64.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)			11.26		11.06
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)			7.91		6.94
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)			8.68		7.75
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)			10.64		9.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)			10.79		10.83
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)			9.83		10.17
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)			7.79		8.49
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)			6.38		6.84
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)			5.16		5.59
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)			7.83		8.03
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)			3.85		4.27
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)			3.04		3.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)			2.31		2.47
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)			4.51		4.58
Population - Female (%)	49.38	49.36	49.35	49.34	49.33	49.33	49.32	49.31
Population - Female (thousands)	13,138	13,439	13,744	14,054	14,367	14,683	15,002	15,323	15,646
Population - Male (%)	50.62	50.64	50.65	50.66	50.67	50.67	50.68	50.69
Population - Male (thousands)	13,469	13,785	14,105	14,428	14,755	15,084	15,416	15,750	16,086
Population - Total (thousands)	26,608	27,224	27,849	28,482	29,121	29,767	30,418	31,073	31,732
Population - Urban (%)	52.70	53.40	54.10	54.70	55.40	56.10	56.70	57.30
Population - Urban (%)	52.70	53.40	54.10	54.70	55.40
Population - Urban (thousands)	13,897	14,403	14,918	15,443	15,976
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	96.00	96.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	89.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	5.00	5.00	5.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	15.00	15.00	15.00

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)			71.35			68.91
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)			82.04			80.26
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)			76.57			74.64
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	107.14	105.33	108.32	107.40	106.05	104.21	105.58
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	107.35	105.40	108.36	106.09	104.99	102.96	104.13
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	107.25	105.37	108.34	106.73	105.51	103.57	104.84
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	65.16	62.65	66.10	67.75	68.07	70.79	74.63
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	71.59	66.77	69.63	70.01	69.91	71.83	74.73
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	68.44	64.75	67.91	68.90	69.01	71.32	74.68
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	10.87	12.43	12.94	13.06	13.53
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	17.10	18.61	18.62	18.17	18.68
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	14.03	15.57	15.84	15.67	16.16
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	97.54		70.62
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	100.18		103.59
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	96.57	97.42	86.81	100.69	98.77
Literacy rate - Female (%)						74.47
Literacy rate - Male (%)						83.52
Literacy rate - Total (%)						79.04
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)						92.21
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)						92.76
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)			90.60			92.49
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	7.0	7.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	85.99	87.81	89.78	87.01	85.31
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	85.71	87.47	89.31	85.37	83.90
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	85.85	87.64	89.54	86.17	84.59
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	51.76	51.90	55.64	56.22	56.59
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	54.56	53.46	56.82	56.11	55.83
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	53.19	52.70	56.24	56.16	56.20
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,009,695	2,015,421	2,126,131	2,147,997	2,162,853	2,168,899	2,243,694
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	2,096,218	2,101,731	2,216,184	2,210,179	2,230,208	2,232,295	2,306,181
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	4,105,913	4,117,152	4,342,315	4,358,176	4,393,061	4,401,194	4,549,875
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	36.1	44.7	37.1	30.6	38.7	36.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	17.5	15.8	16.6	17.0	15.6	16.0	15.2
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	27.0	29.6	28.9	27.3
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	6.5	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.5
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	82.29			83.21
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	85.10			86.73
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	83.71			84.98

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	63.3	53.6	49.2	55.0	59.0
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	123.7	155.4	180.4	215.1	256.7

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	130.06	150.21	175.97	206.69	232.26	250.39	268.36	295.06
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	11.67	15.49	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	13.50	16.99	17.69	15.36	11.82	5.80	7.90	10.41
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	11.67	15.49	17.15	17.45	12.37	7.81	7.18	9.95
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	13.49	16.99	17.69	15.36	9.95	9.84	7.14	9.88	8.97	8.22
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	13.49	16.99	17.69	15.36	9.95	9.84	7.14	9.88	8.97
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	116.63	136.44	160.58	185.25	203.69

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	8,286	9,808	9,364	9,596	9,841
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	10,583
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4,635	4,572	5,643	7,435	7,660
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4,634
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	8,233	8,387	5,845	5,582	5,930
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	8,233
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	3	4	4.02	4.05
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	4,814	4,752	5,824	7,615	8,604	10,375
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	3,175	3,150	3,588	3,707	3,843
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3,048	3,048	3,848	3,801
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3.0	3.0	3.9	4.0	4.6	5.1
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	12,871	12,963	11,491	12,012	12,570
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	13,047

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	982.0	947.0	1,405	1,571
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	6.23	6.73	5.53	5.45
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	1,010	1,027	911.0	952.0	919.0	996.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	994.0	1,093
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	994.0	825.0	897.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.22	6.41	6.45		5.30
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.71	7.87	7.82		6.20

Transport

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	1.02	0.96	0.99	0.88	1.04	0.94	0.95
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	15.00	25.52	25.00	34.67	37.88
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	28,026,482	30,360,771	35,008,387	38,305,078	36,751,761	40,934,875	40,857,077
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	105.33	111.52	125.71	134.49	126.20	137.52	134.32

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Deposit rate (%) (%)	12.35	12.90	13.34
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1.95
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1.98	2.90	3.71	3.91	4.35	4.59	5.22
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	16.00	21.00	26.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	6.0	5.5	6.3	10.7	10.4
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)			-7.4	-14.8	-10.4	-21.0	-25.7	-61.2	-55.6	-52.2
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,328	1,123	1,769	1,316	1,257
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	50.41	41.66	64.12	46.66	43.58
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	43.22	51.16	54.80	57.09	58.32	63.23	63.90	78.01	81.47	83.23

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.3		0.5	0.3	0.2
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-11.93	-9.54	-7.69	-6.68	-4.52
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-5,704.0	-3,694.6	-2,823.6	-2,832.0	-2,002.6
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-1,262.1	-143.5	-476.4
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-6,616.9	-3,838.0	-2,811.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	3,226	3,357	3,192	3,485	3,255
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	19,848	23,205	26,397	29,882
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	8.8	11.8	221.4	14.7	15.9
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	118.2	130.0	351.3	365.7
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-658.9	-835.9	-900.0
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1,351.4	-1,717.4	-1,110.9	-1,222.1	-2,740.9
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	1,939	2,008	2,598	1,457	2,424
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-2,443.8	-2,602.4	-1,166.6	-1,293.3	-2,873.0
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)		-3.70
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-3,848.3	-1,383.3	-3,143.9	-1,773.3	1,187
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	1,859	1,999	2,375

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	25.40
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)			41.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Ghana

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