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Madagascar

Official language: French, Malagasy
Currency: Malagascy Ariary
Capital City: Antananarivo
Area: 587295km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Island countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs

30325.7K

₂₀₂₃

Mid-year population

13.2B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate

134.1

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)		2.08					2.06
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.70	2.69	2.68	2.67	2.66	2.65	2.63	2.62
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.69	4.47	4.47	4.47
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	66.7	67.1	67.5	67.9	68.3	68.7	69.1	69.4
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	63.6	64.0	64.4	64.7	65.1	65.4	65.8	66.1
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	65.1	65.5	65.9	66.3	66.7	67.0	67.4	67.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)		5.05		4.86
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)		5.38		5.10
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)		5.27		5.45
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)		4.98		5.92
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)		5.28		6.26
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)		6.38		6.69
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)		7.26		7.14
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)		7.24		7.19
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)		6.84		6.94
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)		5.24		4.94
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)		6.86		6.55
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)		7.41		6.65
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)		7.84		6.93
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)		18.97		19.40
Population - Female (%)	50.15	50.15	50.14	50.13	50.12	50.12	50.11
Population - Female (thousands)	12,066	12,384	12,710	13,045	13,384	13,729	14,077	14,425	14,775	15,135
Population - Male (%)	49.85	49.85	49.86	49.87	49.88	49.88	49.89
Population - Male (thousands)	12,150	12,467	12,792	13,125	13,463	13,805	14,148	14,491	14,836	15,191
Population - Total (thousands)	24,216	24,851	25,502	26,170	26,847	27,533	28,225	28,916	29,612	30,326
Population - Urban (%)	34.50	35.20	35.90	36.50	37.20	37.90	38.50
Population - Urban (%)	34.50	35.20	35.90	36.50
Population - Urban (thousands)	8,146	8,529	8,926	9,339
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	82.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	32.80	33.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	12.00	12.00

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		62.61			73.50
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		66.74			77.51
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		64.66			75.47
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	145.05	147.29	143.95		143.06	135.22
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	145.45	147.33	143.70		142.02	132.93
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	145.25	147.31	143.82		142.53	134.06
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	37.98	38.30	38.21	37.12	37.06	35.24
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	38.73	38.72	38.42	36.68	35.99	33.95
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	38.35	38.51	38.31	36.90	36.53	34.60
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	4.61	4.56	4.62
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	5.03	5.05	5.03
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	4.82	4.81	4.83
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	58.66
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	55.95
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	56.81	54.44	48.94
Literacy rate - Female (%)					75.07
Literacy rate - Male (%)					78.38
Literacy rate - Total (%)					76.68
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)					79.18
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)					80.58
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		65.07			79.85
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	6.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)					98.04	97.68
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	31.57	31.14	31.06	30.29
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	30.46	29.44	29.23	27.96
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	31.02	30.29	30.15	29.12
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,290,029	2,367,417	2,353,699		2,420,444	2,324,568
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	2,320,693	2,396,107	2,380,027		2,440,444	2,324,032
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	4,610,722	4,763,524	4,733,726		4,860,888	4,648,600
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	41.7	41.2	40.6		39.8
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	23.1			20.0	19.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	18.8	18.7	24.4
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)		1.0	1.0		1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	7.4	7.5	7.3
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	7.4	7.5	7.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	7.4	7.5	7.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.3	0.3	0.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.3	0.3	0.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.3	0.3	0.3
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	43.68	36.10
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	41.47	34.10
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	42.57	35.10

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	12.4	11.2	11.5	13.2
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	29,906	32,982	36,489	41,159

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	129.93	139.55	147.98	160.70	174.51	184.33	192.05	203.23
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	6.08	7.40	6.04	8.59	8.60	5.63	4.19	5.82
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	6.03	7.57	5.93	10.60	6.94	4.00	4.54	6.16
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	6.08	7.40	6.04	8.59	8.60	5.63	4.19	5.82
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	6.03	7.56	6.95	7.67	8.60	5.62	4.19	5.40
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	354.66	381.48	408.00	439.29

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)	572.9	597.6	13.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	1,007	1,011	1,057	1,107
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	1,573	1,678	1,691	1,824
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	901	971	1,047	1,130
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	22.97	24.7	26.82
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	979.91	1,182	1,104	1,244
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	666.00	676.00	697.00	720.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	573.4	667.4	675.4
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	2,498	2,675	2,765	2,865
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	317.0	240.0	300.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	21.07	22.3	27.28
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	740.0	696.0	912.0	849.0	879.0	951.0	202.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	222.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	222.0	244.0	293.0	255.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	23.4	24.0	25.3	26.8	28.2
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	11.50	10.97		13.90
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	13.71	13.09		16.60

Transport

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)	673

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.63	0.61	0.60	0.27	0.26
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.61	0.60	0.58	0.26	0.26	0.27	0.18	0.09
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	9,713,883	10,693,765	7,998,253	8,730,499	10,654,710
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	41.18	44.13	32.13	34.14	40.57
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	40.11	43.03	31.36	33.36	39.69	47.23	56.22	56.30

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	3,542	3,215	3,447	4,072	4,339	4,009	2,841	3,288
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	4,219	3,717	3,761	4,538	4,996	4,821	3,910	4,415

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Deposit rate (%) (%)	12.40	15.00
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	2,415	2,934
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	2,415	2,934	3,177	3,116	3,335	3,618
Interest rate - Lending (%)	60.00	60.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	2.8	4.4	3.6	3.2	2.7	2.8	4.7
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)		-946.8	-416.7	-863.4	-613.9	-725.1	-2,197.0	-3,283.8	-3,064.6
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-1.96	-2.85	-1.11	-2.10	-1.34	-1.42	-3.96	-6.27
International reserves - current USD (millions)	773.8	832.0	1,184		1,740	1,693	1,981	2,335
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	588.1	677.0	621.8	779.6
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	24.93	27.93	24.98	30.49
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	24.23	27.46	26.03	26.39	27.86	29.90	38.46
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	37.85	44.06	40.28	40.14	40.39	38.52	49.01	53.39	47.84

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	14.5	15.6	22.6	23.0
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-0.27	-1.63	0.48	-0.42	0.72	-2.29	-5.37	-5.46
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-103.2	-271.7	27.9	-53.1
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	313.7	435.8	450.6	357.9	352.6	474.3	358.5	300.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	6,277	5,619	5,882
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	36.8	81.9	89.7	106.0	117.9	101.6	119.1	115.3
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	14.1	16.5	17.5
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-295.5	-373.9	-416.8	-359.7
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	742.5	539.7	698.1	742.2
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-1.9	-108.5	12.8	14.4
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-9.70
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-3.65	-3.15	-1.48	-2.61	-3.01	-4.26	-8.89	-12.97
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-548.4	-328.9	-266.1	-449.9
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)		21.40
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Madagascar

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