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Madagascar

Official language: French, Malagasy
Currency: Malagascy Ariary
Capital City: Antananarivo
Area: 587295km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Island countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs

26969.3K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

13.2B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

44.2

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

143.8

₂₀₁₆

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.5
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	64.9	65.3	65.8	66.2	66.7	67.1	67.5	67.9	68.3	68.7
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	61.9	62.4	62.8	63.2	63.6	64.0	64.4	64.7	65.1	65.4
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	63.4	63.8	64.3	64.7	65.1	65.5	65.9	66.3	66.7	67.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)	5.2					5.1		4.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)	5.4					5.4		5.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)	5.1					5.3		5.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)	4.9					5.0		5.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)	5.7					5.3		6.3
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)	7.1					6.4		6.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)	7.5					7.3		7.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)	7.0					7.2		7.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)	6.7					6.8		6.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)	5.4					5.2		4.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)	7.1					6.9		6.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)	7.8					7.4		6.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)	7.9					7.8		6.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)	17.3					19.0		19.4
Population - Female (%)	50.2	50.2	50.1
Population - Female (thousands)	10,615	10,911	11,212	11,518	11,831	12,152	12,481	12,819	13,164	13,516
Population - Male (thousands)	10,536	10,833	11,135	11,443	11,759	12,082	12,413	12,752	13,099	13,453
Population - Total (thousands)	21,152	21,744	22,347	22,961	23,590	24,234	24,894	25,571	26,262	26,969
Population - Urban (%)	31.9	32.6	33.2	33.9	34.5	35.2	35.9	36.5	37.2	37.9
Population - Urban (%)	31.9	32.6	33.2	33.9	34.5	35.2	35.9	36.5
Population - Urban (thousands)	6,755	7,084	7,425	7,779	8,146	8,529	8,926	9,339
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, World Health Organization

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)		145.0
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	436.0	420.0	402.0	384.0	369.0	353.0
Neo-natal mortality (Per 1,000 live births)	22.6	21.8	21.1	20.5	19.9	19.4	18.9	18.4
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	82.0	82.0	82.0	82.0	82.0
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	31.6	31.7	32.0	32.5	32.8	33.0
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	66.0	62.0	61.0	63.0
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	31.6	31.7	32.0	32.5	32.8	33.0
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	47.0	48.0	49.0	50.0	51.0	52.0
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	11.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	60.3	57.8	55.5	53.4	51.5	49.6

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)			68.3			62.6
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)			75.0			66.7
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)			71.6			64.7
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)					1.2
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	0.6			1.6	0.6	0.8
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)			1.3	1.6	1.6	1.6
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)					1.0
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	143.3	143.1	143.1	143.4	145.1	147.3	144.0
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	145.9	145.8	144.9	144.4	145.5	147.3	143.7
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	144.6	143.4	144.0	143.9	145.3	147.3	143.8
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)		35.7	37.2		38.0	38.3	38.2	37.1
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)		37.5	39.0		38.7	38.7	38.4	36.7
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)		36.6	38.1		38.4	38.5	38.3	36.9
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.6
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.4	5.0	5.1	5.0
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.8	4.8	4.8
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	62.7	59.2		52.1	58.7
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	62.8	58.2		49.1	56.0
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	62.7	58.7	52.0	50.2	56.8	54.4	48.9
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)			75.3
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)			78.4
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)			76.8			65.1
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)		29.8	31.1		31.6	31.1	31.1	30.3
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)		29.8	30.8		30.5	29.4	29.2	28.0
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		29.8	31.0	30.4	31.0	30.3	30.2	29.1
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	40.1	43.2	43.1	39.8	41.7	41.2	40.6
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)			27.6		23.1			20.0
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	16.6	18.6	20.3	26.8	18.8	18.7	24.4
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)		1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	7.3	7.3	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	7.5	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)		2.5	2.7		2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)		2.6	2.8		2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)		2.6	2.7		2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	40.1	42.0	39.2	41.3	43.7	36.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	38.9	39.4	36.8	38.8	41.5	34.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	39.5	40.7	38.0	40.1	42.6	35.1

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	21,422	23,574	25,586	27,265	29,906	32,982	36,489	41,159
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	10.3	11.6	11.7	12.4	12.4	11.2	11.5	13.2

Prices

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Inflation, all items (index)	265.07	290.21	306.79	324.67	344.41	369.91	394.55	425.30
Inflation, all items - Annual change (%)	9.3	9.5	5.7	5.8	6.1	7.4	6.7	8.1
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	10.2	6.9	5.8	6.3	6.0	7.6	7.0	7.7
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	278.39	297.60	314.80	334.50	354.66	381.48	408.00	439.29

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)				0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)				0.0	572.9	597.6	13.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			927	962	1,007	1,011	1,057	1,107
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	1,014	1,053	1,100	1,222
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	478	1,482	1,512	1,542	1,573	1,678	1,691	1,824
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	711	1,967	816.78	857.62	901	971	1,047	1,130
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	7	19.06	20.33	21.43	22.97	24.7	26.82
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			446.00	646.00	666.00	676.00	697.00	720.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	479.1	479.3	546.4	548.4	573.4	667.4	675.4
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	1,196	3,469	2,349	2,422	2,498	2,675	2,765	2,865

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	216.0	288.0	235.0	256.0	317.0	240.0	300.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	20.04	19.06	21.23	19.1	21.07	22.3	27.28
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	425.0	507.0	596.0	609.0	740.0			849.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)			256.0	196.0	222.0	244.0	293.0	255.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	17.6	19.1	20.5	22.3	23.4	24.0	25.3	26.8
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	8.4	9.2	10.4	10.1	11.5	11.0		13.9
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	10.0	11.1	12.3	12.1	13.7	13.1		16.6

Transport

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	16.3	16.3
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	1.7	1.9	2.3	3.0	3.7	4.2	4.7	9.8
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	7,711,721	8,680,772	8,778,600	8,461,120	9,713,883	10,693,765	7,998,253	8,730,499
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	36.5	39.9	39.3	36.9	41.2	44.1	32.1	34.1

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Deposit rate (%) (%)	10.5	10.7	10.5	10.8	12.4	15.0
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	2,090	2,025	2,195	2,207	2,415	2,934
Interest rate - Lending (%)	49.0	52.5	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	2.9	1.8	2.5	2.3	2.8	4.5	3.7	3.2
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	22.57	20.57	16.49	21.74	24.93	27.93	24.98	30.49
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	477.3	447.3	368.5	499.3	588.1	677.0	621.8	779.6
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	34.7	35.0	35.5	36.1	34.7	35.7	41.9	40.3	39.7	41.0

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	35.5	30.5	15.1	16.4	14.5	15.6	22.6	23.0
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-10.2	-7.0	-7.7	-5.9	-0.3	-1.9	0.6	-3.4
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-909.1	-766.1	-881.9	-673.1	-103.2	-271.7	27.9	-53.1
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	-163.4	-102.3	-199.9	-182.7
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	-976.2	-612.4	-838.6	-671.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	764.7	788.1	777.6	551.3	313.7	435.8	450.6	389.1
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	4,383	4,915	5,650	6,378	6,277	5,619	5,882
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	0.5	-0.8	1.3	5.5	-3.8	1.1	0.1	-0.9
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	13.3	12.5	13.7	19.2	14.1	16.5	17.5
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-1.9	0.0
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-148.7	-154.9	-318.6	-367.3	-295.5	-373.9	-416.8	-359.7
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	548.5	592.9	591.2	643.2	742.5	539.7	698.1	742.2
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-263.3	-207.4	-40.6	-101.3	-1.9	-108.5	12.8	14.4
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)					-9.7
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-1,045.6	-996.7	-1,113.9	-847.6	-548.4	-328.9	-266.1	-449.9
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	505.8	359.7	366.9	390.5

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Bank

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	2,087	2,450
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.07	0.08
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	16.80	16.50	16.00	16.00
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)						21.4
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	21.6	21.6	21.5	21.5
Land area covered by forest (%)	21.6
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)	5.0		5.0

Madagascar

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