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Madagascar

Official language: French, Malagasy
Currency: Malagascy Ariary
Capital City: Antananarivo
Area: 587295km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Island countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs

26969.3K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

13.2B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

44.2

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

143.8

₂₀₁₆

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	24.75	24.48	24.39	24.30	24.21	24.12	24.03	23.94	23.85	23.67
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	42.21	42.21	42.21	42.21	40.23	40.23	40.23
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	587.9	592.0	596.1	599.9	603.8	607.6	611.2	614.7	618.1	621.5
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	561.2	565.1	568.9	572.5	576.0	579.3	582.6	585.7	588.8	591.8
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	574.6	578.5	582.4	586.2	589.9	593.4	596.8	600.1	603.4	606.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					45.45		43.74
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					48.42		45.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					47.43		49.05
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					44.82		53.28
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					47.52		56.34
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					57.42		60.21
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					65.34		64.26
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					65.16		64.71
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					61.56		62.46
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					47.16		44.46
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					61.74		58.95
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					66.69		59.85
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					70.56		62.37
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					170.73		174.60
Population - Female (%)	451.35	451.26
Population - Female (thousands)	98,199	100,904	103,661	106,481	109,371	112,333	115,368	118,473	121,647
Population - Male (thousands)	97,496	100,215	102,990	105,828	108,736	111,716	114,767	117,887	121,076
Population - Total (thousands)	195,696	201,120	206,651	212,309	218,107	224,049	230,135	236,361	242,724
Population - Urban (%)	293.40	298.80	305.10	310.50	316.80	323.10	328.50	334.80	341.10
Population - Urban (%)	293.40	298.80	305.10	310.50	316.80	323.10	328.50
Population - Urban (thousands)	63,756	66,825	70,011	73,314	76,761	80,334	84,051
Total fertility rate (per woman)	40.7	40.0	39.3	38.7	38.2	37.6	37.2	36.7	36.3	35.8

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	1,305
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	3,780	3,618	3,456	3,321	3,177
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	738.00	738.00	738.00	738.00
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	285.30	288.00	292.50	295.20	297.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	558.00	549.00	567.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	285.30	288.00	292.50	295.20	297.00
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	432.00	441.00	450.00	459.00	468.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	108.00	108.00	108.00	108.00	108.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	520.2	499.5	480.6	463.5	446.4

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		614.52			563.49
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		675.27			600.66
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		644.13			581.94
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)				10.7
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)			14.1	5.4	7.6
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)		11.9	14.0	14.1	14.2
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)				8.9
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	1,288	1,287	1,290	1,305	1,326	1,296
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	1,313	1,304	1,300	1,309	1,326	1,293
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	1,291	1,296	1,295	1,307	1,326	1,294
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	320.85	334.89		341.82	344.70	343.89	334.08
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	337.86	351.09		348.57	348.57	345.78	330.12
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	329.40	342.99		345.15	346.59	344.79	332.10
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	34.65	35.64	37.44	41.49	41.04	41.58
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	37.44	38.88	39.87	45.27	45.45	45.27
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	36.09	37.26	38.61	43.38	43.29	43.47
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	533.07		468.90	527.94
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	524.16		441.72	503.55
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	528.57	468.00	451.98	511.29	489.96	440.46
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		677.70
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		705.69
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		691.47			585.63
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	54.0	54.0	54.0	54.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	268.20	280.26		284.13	280.26	279.54	272.61
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	268.47	277.56		274.14	264.96	263.07	251.64
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	268.29	278.91	273.69	279.18	272.61	271.35	262.08
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	389.2	387.6	357.9	375.5	370.7	365.5
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)		248.8		208.1			180.4
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	167.1	183.0	240.8	169.4	168.1	219.4
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	8.8	8.8	8.8
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	8.6	8.6	8.6
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	8.4	8.3
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	65.5	65.4	65.5	66.3	67.4	66.1
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	67.2	66.6	66.4	66.8	67.8	66.2
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	66.3	66.0	66.0	66.5	67.6	66.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	22.5	23.9		24.5	24.8	24.8	24.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	23.7	25.5		25.4	25.4	25.3	24.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	23.0	24.7		24.9	25.1	25.0	24.0
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.6
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	377.55	352.71	371.61	393.12	324.90
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	354.51	330.84	349.38	373.23	306.90
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	365.94	341.73	360.45	383.13	315.90

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	212,166	230,277	245,382	269,150	296,840	328,404	370,429
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	104.8	104.9	111.2	111.5	101.2	103.4	118.9

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	985.32	1,042	1,102	1,169	1,256	1,332	1,446	1,571	1,659
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	85.32	51.39	52.47	54.72	66.60	54.36	77.31	77.40	50.67
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	62.10	52.02	56.34	54.27	68.13	53.37	95.40	62.46	36.00
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	85.32	51.39	52.47	54.72	66.60	54.36	77.31	77.40	50.67
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	62.10	52.02	56.34	54.27	68.04	62.55	69.03
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	2,678	2,833	3,011	3,192	3,433	3,672	3,954

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)			0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)			0.0	5,156	5,378	117.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		8,343	8,658	9,063	9,099	9,513	9,963
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	9,476	9,898	10,999
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	13,340	13,607	13,879	14,157	15,102	15,219	16,416
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	17,704	7,351	7,719	8,109	8,739	9,423	10,170
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	171.54	182.97	192.87	206.73	222.3	241.38
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		4,014	5,814	5,994	6,084	6,273	6,480
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	4,314	4,918	4,936	5,161	6,007	6,079
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	31,220	21,145	21,795	22,482	24,075	24,885	25,785

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	2,592	2,115	2,304	2,853	2,160	2,700
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	171.54	191.07	171.9	189.63	200.7	245.52
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	4,563	5,364	5,481	6,660	6,264	8,217	7,641
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	2,025	2,304	1,764	1,998
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)		2,304	1,764	1,998	2,196	2,637	2,295
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	172.0	184.7	200.4	210.4	216.4	227.4	241.6	253.5
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	82.53	93.33	90.72	103.50	98.73		125.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	100.08	111.06	108.72	123.39	117.81		149.40

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	146.52
Total length of railways (kilometre)	6,057	6,057	6,057	6,057

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	0.27	1.26	1.53	0.99	0.90
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)					0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)					0.45
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)					0.45
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	5.76	5.76	5.67	5.67	5.49	5.40	2.43	2.34
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	17.10	20.70	27.00	33.30	37.53	42.39	88.20
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	78,126,948	79,007,400	76,150,080	87,424,947	96,243,885	71,984,277	78,574,491
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	359.28	353.52	331.65	370.62	397.17	289.17	307.26	365.13
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)					2.0
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)					103.5
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)					98.6
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	61.7	279.7	341.9	223.5	213.2
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	17.10	20.70	27.00	33.30	37.53
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)			829.44		674.91
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)				270.00	549.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)					189.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - US dollars (billions)	265.1	219.0	431.7	331.0	554.6

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	95.85	94.50	96.75	111.60	135.00
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	18,226	19,755	19,862	21,733	26,402
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	18,226	19,755	19,862	21,733	26,402	28,589	28,045	30,013	32,565
Interest rate - Lending (%)	472.50	540.00	540.00	540.00	540.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	16.5	22.8	20.6	25.4	40.4	32.9	28.9
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	185.13	148.41	195.66	224.37	251.37	224.82	274.41
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	4,026	3,316	4,494	5,293	6,093	5,596	7,016
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	314.73	319.77	324.81	311.85	321.21	377.10	362.52	356.94	369.18

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.6	2.1	1.3	1.1
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	274.5	135.5	148.0	130.4	140.1	203.3	207.1
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-63.09	-68.85	-52.83	-2.88	-17.01	5.13	-30.60
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-6,894.5	-7,937.1	-6,057.6	-928.9	-2,445.1	251.3	-477.5
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	-921.0	-1,799.0	-1,644.6
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	-5,512.0	-7,547.5	-6,041.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	7,093	6,999	4,962	2,823	3,922	4,056	3,502
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	44,232	50,851	57,400	56,495	50,572	52,942
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	-7.4	11.6	49.9	-34.2	9.9	1.1	-7.7
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	112.1	122.9	172.5	127.1	148.6	157.1
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	0.0
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-1,394.1	-2,867.1	-3,305.9	-2,659.2	-3,365.3	-3,751.6	-3,237.2
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	5,336	5,321	5,788	6,682	4,857	6,283	6,680
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-1,866.5	-365.6	-911.6	-16.7	-976.7	115.2	129.4
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-87.30
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-8,970.3	-10,025.0	-7,628.6	-4,935.4	-2,960.1	-2,394.9	-4,049.3
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	3,237	3,302	3,515

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	22,046
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.72
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	148.50	144.00	144.00
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					192.60
Land area covered by forest (%)

Madagascar

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