ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Madagascar

Official language: French, Malagasy
Currency: Malagascy Ariary
Capital City: Antananarivo
Area: 587295km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Island countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs

26969.3K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

13.2B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

44.2

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

143.8

₂₀₁₆

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	27.20	27.10	27.00	26.90	26.80	26.70	26.60	26.50	26.30
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	46.90	46.90	46.90	44.70	44.70	44.70
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	657.8	662.3	666.6	670.9	675.1	679.1	683.0	686.8	690.5
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	627.9	632.1	636.1	640.0	643.7	647.3	650.8	654.2	657.5
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	642.8	647.1	651.3	655.4	659.3	663.1	666.8	670.4	673.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)				50.50		48.60
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)				53.80		51.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)				52.70		54.50
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)				49.80		59.20
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)				52.80		62.60
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)				63.80		66.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)				72.60		71.40
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)				72.40		71.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)				68.40		69.40
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)				52.40		49.40
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)				68.60		65.50
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)				74.10		66.50
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)				78.40		69.30
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)				189.70		194.00
Population - Female (%)	501.70	501.60	501.50	501.50	501.40	501.30	501.20	501.20	501.10
Population - Female (thousands)	112,116	115,179	118,312	121,523	124,815	128,187	131,637	135,164
Population - Male (%)	498.30	498.40	498.50	498.50	498.60	498.70	498.80	498.80	498.90
Population - Male (thousands)	111,351	114,433	117,587	120,818	124,129	127,519	130,986	134,529
Population - Total (thousands)	223,466	229,613	235,899	242,341	248,944	255,705	262,623	269,693
Population - Urban (%)	332.00	339.00	345.00	352.00	359.00	365.00	372.00	379.00
Population - Urban (%)	332.00	339.00	345.00	352.00	359.00	365.00
Population - Urban (thousands)	74,250	77,790	81,460	85,290	89,260	93,390
Total fertility rate (per woman)	44.4	43.7	43.0	42.4	41.8	41.3	40.8	40.3	39.8

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	4,020	3,840	3,690	3,530
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	820.00	820.00	820.00
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	320.00	325.00	328.00	330.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	610.00	630.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	320.00	325.00	328.00	330.00
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	490.00	500.00	510.00	520.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	120.00	120.00	120.00	120.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	555.0	534.0	515.0	496.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	682.80			626.10
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	750.30			667.40
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	715.70			646.60
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained (ratio)			11.9
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)		15.7	6.0	8.4
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	13.2	15.5	15.7	15.8
Gender parity index of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained (ratio)			9.9
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	1,431	1,434	1,451	1,473	1,440
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	1,449	1,444	1,455	1,473	1,437
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	1,440	1,439	1,453	1,473	1,438
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	372.10		379.80	383.00	382.10	371.20
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	390.10		387.30	387.30	384.20	366.80
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	381.10		383.50	385.10	383.10	369.00
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	39.60	41.60	46.10	45.60	46.20
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	43.20	44.30	50.30	50.50	50.30
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	41.40	42.90	48.20	48.10	48.30
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)		521.00	586.60
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)		490.80	559.50
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	520.00	502.20	568.10	544.40	489.40
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	753.00
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	784.10
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	768.30			650.70
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	60.0	60.0	60.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	311.40		315.70	311.40	310.60	302.90
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	308.40		304.60	294.40	292.30	279.60
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	309.90	304.10	310.20	302.90	301.50	291.20
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	21,787,100	22,228,120	22,900,290	23,674,170	23,536,990		24,204,440	23,245,680
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	22,240,120	22,602,180	23,206,930	23,961,070	23,800,270		24,404,440	23,240,320
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	44,027,220	44,830,300	46,107,220	47,635,240	47,337,260		48,608,880	46,486,000
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	430.7	397.7	417.2	411.9	406.1		398.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	276.4		231.2			200.4	193.0
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	203.3	267.6	188.2	186.8	243.8
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	9.8	9.8
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	9.6	9.6
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	9.2
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	72.7	72.8	73.7	74.9	73.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	74.0	73.8	74.2	75.3	73.6
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	73.3	73.3	73.9	75.1	73.5
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	26.6		27.2	27.5	27.5	26.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	28.3		28.2	28.2	28.1	26.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	27.4		27.7	27.9	27.8	26.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.9	2.9
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	391.90	412.90	436.80	361.00
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	367.60	388.20	414.70	341.00
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	379.70	400.50	425.70	351.00

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	116.6	123.5	123.8	112.4	114.9	132.1
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	255,863	272,647	299,055	329,822	364,893	411,588

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	1,157	1,225	1,299	1,396	1,480	1,607	1,745	1,843	1,921
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	57.10	58.30	60.80	74.00	60.40	85.90	86.00	56.30
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	57.80	62.60	60.30	75.70	59.30	106.00	69.40	40.00	45.40
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	57.10	58.30	60.80	74.00	60.40	85.90	86.00	56.30	41.90
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	57.80	62.60	60.30	75.60	69.50	76.70
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	3,148	3,345	3,547	3,815	4,080	4,393

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)		0.0	5,729	5,976	130.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	9,270	9,620	10,070	10,110	10,570	11,070
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	10,997	12,221
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	15,118	15,421	15,730	16,780	16,910	18,240
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	5,948	6,144
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	8,168	8,576	9,010	9,710	10,470	11,300
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	7,554	8,090
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	203.3	214.3	229.7	247	268.2
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	7,739	7,774	9,799	11,820	11,035	12,435
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	4,460	6,460	6,660	6,760	6,970	7,200
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	5,464	5,484	5,734	6,674	6,754
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3	6.6	6.6	6.6
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	23,495	24,217	24,980	26,750	27,650	28,650
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	15,202	15,944

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	2,350	2,560	3,170	2,400	3,000
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	212.3	191	210.7	223	272.8
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	5,960	6,090	7,400	6,960	9,130	8,490	8,790
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	2,560	1,960	2,220
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	2,560	1,960	2,220	2,440	2,930	2,550
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	205.2	222.6	233.8	240.5	252.7	268.5	281.7
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	103.70	100.80	115.00	109.70		139.00
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	123.40	120.80	137.10	130.90		166.00

Transport

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)	6,730	6,730	6,730

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	1.40	1.70	1.10	1.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)				0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)				0.50
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)				0.50
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	6.40	6.30	6.30	6.10	6.00	2.70	2.60
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	23.00	30.00	37.00	41.70	47.10	98.00
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	87,786,000	84,611,200	97,138,830	106,937,650	79,982,530	87,304,990
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	392.80	368.50	411.80	441.30	321.30	341.40	405.70
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)				2.2
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)				115.0
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)				109.6
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	310.8	379.9	248.4	236.9
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	23.00	30.00	37.00	41.70
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)		921.60		749.90
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)			300.00	610.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				210.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - current USD (billions)	243.3	479.7	367.8	616.2

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Deposit rate (%) (%)	105.00	107.50	124.00	150.00
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	21,950	22,069	24,148	29,335
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	21,950	22,069	24,148	29,335	31,765	31,161	33,348	36,183
Interest rate - Lending (%)	600.00	600.00	600.00	600.00

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	25.3	22.9	28.2	44.9	36.6	32.1
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	3,685	4,993	5,881	6,770	6,218	7,796
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	164.9	217.4	249.3	279.3	249.8	304.9
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	355.30	360.90	346.50	356.90	419.00	402.80	396.60	410.20

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.9	1.3	1.8	2.3	1.5	1.2
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	150.6	164.4	144.9	155.7	225.9	230.1
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-76.50	-58.70	-3.20	-18.90	5.70	-34.00
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-8,819.0	-6,730.6	-1,032.1	-2,716.8	279.3	-530.5
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-1,998.9	-1,827.3
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-8,386.1	-6,712.3
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	7,776	5,513	3,137	4,358	4,506	3,891
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	56,501	63,778	62,772	56,191	58,824
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	12.9	55.5	-38.0	11.0	1.3	-8.6
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	136.5	191.6	141.2	165.1	174.6
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-3,185.7	-3,673.2	-2,954.6	-3,739.2	-4,168.4	-3,596.8
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	5,912	6,432	7,425	5,397	6,981	7,422
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-406.2	-1,012.8	-18.5	-1,085.3	128.0	143.8
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)			-97.00
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-11,138.8	-8,476.2	-5,483.8	-3,289.0	-2,660.9	-4,499.3
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	3,669	3,905

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	160.00	160.00
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)				214.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

Madagascar

About ECA

RESOURCES

FOLLOW ECA