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Malawi

Official language: English, Nyanja
Currency: Malawi Kwacha
Capital City: Lilongwe
Area: 118484km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs

18628.7K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

6.3B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

55.4

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

139.9

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.0
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	58.4	60.1	61.6	62.9	64.1	65.0	65.8	66.4	66.9	67.4
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	52.8	54.3	55.7	57.0	58.0	58.9	59.6	60.2	60.7	61.1
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	55.6	57.2	58.6	59.9	61.0	62.0	62.7	63.3	63.8	64.3
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)	6.4					6.4		6.4
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)	6.1					6.1		5.8
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)	6.3					6.2		6.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)	8.6					7.4		7.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)	10.2					9.3		9.3
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)	10.0					10.1		10.1
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)	9.0					9.5		9.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)	7.7					8.3		8.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)	6.3					7.0		7.3
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)	6.2					6.3		5.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)	5.2					5.7		6.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)	4.4					4.8		4.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)	3.1					3.8		3.9
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)	10.6					9.2		9.1
Population - Female (%)	50.0	49.9	49.9
Population - Female (thousands)	7,385	7,599	7,817	8,040	8,266	8,495	8,727	8,961	9,199	9,443
Population - Male (thousands)	7,154	7,364	7,579	7,799	8,023	8,250	8,479	8,710	8,944	9,185
Population - Total (thousands)	14,540	14,962	15,396	15,839	16,290	16,745	17,205	17,670	18,143	18,629
Population - Urban (%)	15.5	15.7	15.8	16.0	16.1	16.3	16.5	16.7	16.9	17.2
Population - Urban (%)	15.5	15.7	15.8	16.0	16.1	16.3	16.5	16.7
Population - Urban (thousands)	2,358	2,449	2,545	2,647	2,754	2,867	2,986	3,113
Total fertility rate (per woman)	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, World Health Organization

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	153.9	152.4	151.0
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	629.0	618.0	624.0	636.0	638.0	634.0
Neo-natal mortality (Per 1,000 live births)	28.5	27.7	26.9	25.9	25.0	24.1	23.3	22.7
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)	13.8				16.7
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	21.8	21.3	21.0	20.8	20.8	20.7
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)	13.8				16.7
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	93.0	96.0	90.0	88.0
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	21.8	21.3	21.0	20.8	20.8	20.7
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	81.0	83.0	85.0	87.0	88.0	90.0
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	39.0	39.0	40.0	40.0	41.0	41.0
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	90.9	84.5	77.3	71.3	66.9	64.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	51.3				55.1	55.2
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	72.1				76.0	69.8
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	61.3				65.2	62.1
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)	1.2
Gender parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)	1.1
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	138.4	140.9	137.9	143.2	143.7	142.8	141.3	142.4
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	135.1	137.1	134.7	140.4	140.8	139.6	137.2	137.6
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	136.8	135.2	136.3	141.8	142.2	141.2	139.3	140.0
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	31.2	32.4	31.3	34.4	36.2	37.1	35.3	37.0
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	34.9	36.0	35.3	38.3	40.0	40.4	39.5	39.3
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	33.1	34.2	33.3	36.3	38.1	38.8	37.4	38.1
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	0.5	0.6
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	0.9	1.0
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	0.7	0.8
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)						35.0
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)					73.3	73.4
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)					78.8	72.5
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	72.1				76.1	72.9
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)	0.8
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)	0.8
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	27.8	28.6	27.7	30.0	31.4	32.4	30.8
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	28.9	29.9	29.7	31.9	32.1	32.7	32.1
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	28.0	29.0	28.7	31.0	31.8	32.6	31.5
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics (%)	40.1
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Female (%)	44.3
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Male (%)	35.7
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	79.3	76.1	74.1	69.2	72.7	69.5		62.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	43.2	42.1	41.5	41.7	39.2	37.9		69.7
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	11.6	13.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.6	0.6
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)	1.0				1.0
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)	0.8
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)	0.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	8.5	8.7	8.5	8.8	8.9	8.8	8.7	8.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.4	8.5	8.3	8.7	8.7	8.6	8.5	8.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.7	8.8	8.7	8.6	8.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.0	0.0
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.0	0.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.0	0.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	51.6	47.7	59.4	54.6
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	50.2	50.6	65.5	53.5
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	50.9	49.1	62.3	54.1

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	1,034	1,253	1,425	1,928	2,534	3,213	3,813	4,629
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	6.9	8.0	5.7	5.3	6.0	6.4	5.3	6.3

Prices

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Inflation, all items (index)	309.03	332.58	403.40	517.48	640.52	780.52	950.10	1,073
Inflation, all items - Annual change (%)	7.4	7.6	21.3	28.3	23.8	21.9	21.7	11.5
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	6.3	9.8	34.6	23.5	24.2	24.9	20.0	11.1
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	77.04	84.59	113.83	140.59	174.54	217.92	261.44	290.56

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)				0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			3,017	3,369	3,659	3,647	3,823	4,022
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	1,716	1,678	1,409	1,409
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	2.89	5.78	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	210	6	6.6	43.38	8	8	8	8
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	1,733	1,733	2,164	2,380	2,618	2,659	2,702	2,748
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	2.83	3.11	12.13	12.86	13.13	13.49
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			377.00	362.00	372.00	374.00	386.00	399.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	300.0	316.0	317.0	369.0	371.0	375.0	375.0
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	1,943	1,745	2,180	2,442	2,640	2,681	2,725	2,771

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	90.0	92.0	96.0	90.0	106.0	120.0	130.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	3.68	2.24	2.53	2.36	2.19	2.52	2.71
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	45.0	36.0	35.0	33.0	36.0		30.0	35.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)			770.0	795.0	819.0	805.0	849.0	837.0
Overnight stays (thousands)			6,702		8,274	7,244
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.2		6.7
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.5	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.2		7.7

Transport

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	45.0
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	1.0	1.1	1.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	2.3	3.3	4.4	5.1	5.8	9.3	11.5	13.8
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	3,117,364	3,951,572	4,646,894	5,290,044	5,632,514	6,566,707	7,178,384	7,772,503
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	20.6	25.3	28.9	31.9	33.0	37.4	39.7	41.7

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Deposit rate (%) (%)	3.6	4.1	11.1	18.4	13.2
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	150.49	156.52	249.11	364.41	424.90
Interest rate - Lending (%)	24.6	23.8	32.3	46.0	44.3

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	1.7	1.4	2.1	3.2	4.1	4.5	6.2	5.7
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	67.04	51.08	72.74	68.32	54.55	59.71	68.61	81.38
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	1,017	798.3	1,171	1,133	931.2	1,049	1,241	1,515
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	29.6	30.7	43.9	59.3	54.7	61.2	61.3	61.9	61.3	59.0

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	0.8	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.5
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-8.6	-8.6	-9.2	-8.4	-8.3	-9.4	-13.6	-10.0
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-969.3	-1,136.7	-744.7	-1,236.2	-1,128.5	-930.2	-911.8	-1,021.4
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	252.9	-402.1	306.9	-274.6	-318.9
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	0.0	-1,080.5	7.2	-0.1	-6.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	97.0	128.8	129.5	445.5	598.8	287.7	325.6	277.1
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	1,150	1,165	1,167	971.4	1,181	1,061	1,153
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	-42.3	-49.6	-49.8	4.1	4.7	5.1	4.2	5.0
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	89.6	71.9	72.0	13.1	16.0	14.3	15.6
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-1.1	-1.8	-0.5	-0.5	-0.6
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-190.5	-377.6	-41.9	-266.3	-299.4	-326.4	-203.7	-194.1
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	641.1	518.8	469.8	592.4	542.9	397.9	442.9	398.0
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-159.8	-163.5	-122.2	-134.1	-159.4	-212.9	-166.4	-187.1
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)					-25.0
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-1,260.1	-1,114.5	-1,050.5	-1,428.2	-1,212.7	-788.8	-984.5	-1,038.2
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	13.0	13.5	16.4	23.1	26.0

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	1,214	1,206
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.11	0.10
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	13.00	12.70	12.50	10.20
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)						33.4
Land area covered by forest (%)	34.4

Malawi

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