ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Malawi

Official language: English, Nyanja
Currency: Malawi Kwacha
Capital City: Lilongwe
Area: 118484km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs

21475961.5K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

12.2B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

40.1

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

126.4

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.74	2.70	2.69	2.68	2.69	2.64	2.58	2.54	2.56	2.58
Population - Urban (%)	16.30	16.50	16.70
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	58.2	58.9	59.5	59.7	60.4	60.0	59.5	59.6	60.2	61.6
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7
Population - Urban (number)	2,866,700	2,986,276	3,112,590	3,245,933	3,386,573	3,534,836	3,691,081	3,855,794	4,029,578	4,213,135
Median age (years)	15.7	15.9	16.0	16.2	16.4	16.6	16.8	17.0	17.2	17.5
Population - Male (number)	8,219,165	8,449,079	8,683,181	8,922,676	9,168,342	9,418,758	9,670,800	9,924,861	10,184,499	10,452,500
Population - Urban (%)	16.31	16.51	16.71	16.94	17.17	17.43	17.70	17.98	18.28	18.60
Population - Total (number)	16,938,942	17,405,624	17,881,167	18,367,883	18,867,337	19,377,062	19,889,742	20,405,317	20,931,751	21,475,962
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	61.4	62.2	63.0	63.3	64.1	63.7	62.9	62.9	63.7	65.4
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	64.7	65.7	66.6	67.0	68.0	67.6	66.5	66.3	67.2	69.2
Population - Female (%)	51.48	51.46	51.44	51.42	51.41	51.39	51.38	51.36	51.34
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.09	4.14	4.19	4.24	4.28	4.33	4.37	4.41	4.45	4.50
Population - Female (number)	8,719,777	8,956,545	9,197,987	9,445,207	9,698,995	9,958,304	10,218,942	10,480,456	10,747,253	11,023,462
Population - Male (%)	49.27	49.28	49.29	49.30	49.31	49.32

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	50.6	47.7	45.1	42.4	40.4	38.3	36.8	35.4
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	61.9	58.5	55.5	52.6	50.1	47.7	46.0	44.4
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	41.00
	62.2	58.9	55.8	52.8	50.3	48.2	46.4
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)	11.80	14.60	12.30	11.50	10.80	12.80
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		94.80
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	31.64	33.75	35.85	37.94	40.02	42.09	44.15	46.19
	50.7	47.8	45.2	42.5	40.6	38.6	37.1
	56.4	53.2	50.4	47.6	45.4	43.2	41.4	40.1
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	20.70
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		94.80	97.60			96.80
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	87.00	81.00	83.00	87.00
	56.6	53.5	50.7	47.8	45.6	43.5	41.9

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	144.92	142.64	138.37	137.72	138.98		124.61	124.22
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	42.65	41.49	40.29	39.34	38.84		35.41	34.99
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	73.39					62.91	78.98	79.83
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)						6.4
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	33.96	32.20		34.76
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	69.5		62.3	58.7
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	2,088,563	2,121,015	2,193,130	2,223,155	2,277,131		2,091,691	2,104,767
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)						5.2
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.8
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	1.1			0.6		0.6	0.6	0.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	1.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	62.14							68.08
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	46.76	46.75	45.40	46.20	47.00	49.34	91.36
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	8.8	8.7	8.6	8.3	8.6
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)						4.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	8.7	8.6	8.6	8.4	8.5
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.2
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	55.20							65.09
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	40.77	39.18	38.48	38.46	35.10		35.57	35.33
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	42.75	42.59	38.70	39.10	39.60	44.87	86.57
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	146.40	144.53	138.96	136.83	139.57		127.21	126.44
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	0.79			2.22		3.02	2.95	3.22
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	51.52	51.67	52.10	53.20	54.20	54.02	81.74
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	0.89			1.27		1.87	1.89	2.20
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	72.49					35.81	73.49	73.66
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	147.88	146.44	139.55	135.95	140.14		129.81	128.65
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	38.90	36.86	36.72	37.60	31.44		35.73	35.66
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)	1.01		0.70			1.43		1.08
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	72.94					49.73	76.24	76.79
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.8
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	34.54	33.71		33.72
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.6	8.5	8.6	8.5	8.5
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	69.75							71.37
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	0.84			1.74		2.43	2.41	2.70
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	98.12	97.90	97.74	99.50	98.14
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	34.25	32.96		34.24
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	4,204,502	4,280,527	4,433,977	4,441,839	4,593,328		4,279,070	4,287,735
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,115,939	2,159,512	2,240,847	2,218,684	2,316,197		2,187,379	2,182,968
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	37.9		69.7	72.3

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	245,087,147	216,554,182	272,902,239	317,705,280	352,887,080	369,755,092	382,721,590	385,344,398
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	3,213	3,813	4,629
Industry (%)							20.11
Changes in inventories (US dollars)	815,317,801	744,170,037	910,417,577	1,004,998,242	1,110,078,617	23,087,932	27,690,512	28,361,326
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	1,958,887,680	1,617,077,703	1,805,292,571	1,844,403,681	1,842,845,716	959,721,104	1,294,813,677	1,107,912,069
Industry (%)	18.36	18.75	18.92	19.64	19.72	20.21
Services (%)	55.09	56.26	56.64	57.22	55.81	53.07
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	7,651,350,067	6,983,663,858	8,543,813,925	9,431,406,197	10,417,532,996	14,118,060,720	14,714,466,328	12,347,518,435
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	913,358,422	805,557,080	1,010,357,640	1,128,174,588	1,274,214,402	1,419,201,458	1,486,273,465	1,350,058,353
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	1,162,442,789	1,034,129,158	1,314,394,558	1,499,161,785	1,691,595,918	1,876,034,764	1,921,117,304	1,738,006,356
Services (%)							51.59
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	2,034,880,753	1,667,499,246	2,050,417,598	2,137,131,580	2,536,112,759	2,944,095,092	3,192,771,042	3,465,907,134
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	709,159,500	655,161,411	866,316,067	1,000,611,440	1,132,361,839	1,166,782,941	1,249,906,723	1,243,187,169
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	6.4	5.3	6.3
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	7,651,350,067	8,250,897,611	9,117,278,823	9,471,091,790	9,967,127,217	11,111,993,091	11,371,088,203	9,487,211,963
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	24,133	25,100	26,013	27,804	29,844	30,479	32,444
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	8,215,964,597	8,859,754,432	9,790,068,337	10,216,285,298	10,800,332,470	10,886,043,523	11,382,261,187	11,487,104,910
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	1,253,243,571	1,051,844,022	1,274,476,309	1,423,048,532	1,549,908,047	1,531,134,565	1,590,417,102	1,528,100,372
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	1,036,765,809	946,293,640	1,157,695,580	1,277,965,246	1,411,586,442	864,425,675	1,090,729,265	1,620,780,521

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	21.87	21.71	11.54	12.42	9.37			22.52
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	24.87	19.96	7.08	9.90	11.56			31.34
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	21.87	21.71	11.54	12.42	9.37			22.52
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	217.92	261.44	290.56
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	250.62	305.03	340.24	382.50	418.34		92.43	113.24
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	24.86	19.97	11.14	9.21	9.38	8.64	9.46

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	2,681	2,725	2,771
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Industrial waste - Consumption by manufacturing, construction and non-fuel industry (terajoules)	50	50	50	50	50	50
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Industrial waste - Total energy supply (terajoules)	98	99	98	98	98	98
Industrial waste - Production (terajoules)	98	99	98	98	98	98
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	3,647	3,823	4,022
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	182.8	185	188.7
Industrial waste - Consumption (terajoules)	50	50	50	50	50	50
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	13.13	13.49
Industrial waste - Final energy consumption (terajoules)	50	50	50	50	50	50
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7
Industrial waste - Transformation (terajoules)	48	49	48	48	48	48
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	374.00	386.00	399.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	375.0	375.0
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	2,659	2,702	2,748
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	8	8	8
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Industrial waste - Consumption not elsewhere specified (industry) (terajoules)	50	50	50	50	50	50
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)	0.0	0.0	0.0
Industrial waste - Consumption by other manuf., const. and non-fuel ind. (terajoules)	50	50	50	50	50	50
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			412,000	424,000	437,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.20		6.70
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.16		7.70
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	805.0	849.0	837.0
Overnight stays (thousands)	7,244
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	2.52	2.71
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	39.0	30.0	35.0	55.0	62.0	35.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	120.0	130.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
		42.40
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.09	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.07
	32.00	42.00	50.00	54.00	78.00	82.00	84.40
	1,840	2,050	1,951	6,369	1,565	6,609	7,984
	6.00	6.30	7.00	8.00	9.90
	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	38.77	41.24	43.47	38.53	47.18	51.63	60.03
		32.80
	30	51	93	88	88	436	480
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	39.22	41.72	43.99	39.01	47.78
	6.00	15.80	30.00	30.00	50.00	64.57	68.60
	6.00	6.30	7.00	8.00	9.90
							24.46
		52.10
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	6,566,707	7,178,384	7,772,503	7,076,906	8,901,027
								0.73
	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07
	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.04
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.09	0.06	0.10	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.06
	5,855	8,692	10,816	11,358	11,358	12,255	13,480
	95.00	96.00	82.00	84.00	88.00	86.00	86.30
	3,985	6,591	8,772	4,901	3,081	4,281	4,709
	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
, 2018=100	41,462,190	49,886,200	228,710,560	17,499,210	87,511,660	23,509,470	19,871,240

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	499.61	718.00	730.27	732.33	745.54
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)
Deposit rate (%) (%)

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	5.5	6.4	6.4	7.1	6.7	8.0	7.1
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-187.8	-272.2	-336.4	-314.4	-374.0	-826.1	-864.8	-744.0
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,049	1,241	1,515
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	35.45	37.08	40.25	43.90	45.30	54.78	63.52	79.89
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-4.17	-4.90	-5.15	-4.34	-4.55	-8.18	-8.54
International reserves - current USD (millions)	681.6	610.8	768.4	766.2	846.8	594.5
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	59.71	68.61	81.38
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	27.97	34.14	24.60	23.32	22.40	24.55	25.69
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Capital Account, Capital transfers,General government - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Financial account, Reserve assets, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	14.3	15.6
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Portfolio investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Current Account, Primary income, Compensation of employees, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)
Capital Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-12.21	-13.11	-17.84	-12.04	-12.61	-13.75	-14.51
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	1.5	1.3	1.5
Current Account, Secondary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Financial account, Reserve assets, Monetary gold, Gold bullion, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-788.8	-984.5	-1,038.2
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)
Financial account, Reserve assets, Monetary gold, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-212.9	-166.4	-187.1
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	509.7	116.1	90.2	959.4	55.3	45.2	50.3
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-930.2	-911.8	-1,021.4
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.2	0.2	0.2
Capital Account, Capital transfers - Net (National Currency)
Net errors and omissions, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-326.4	-203.7	-194.1
Total, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Direct investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Other investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	4.0	42.2	-3.4	0.5	-23.5	-18.7	-21.1
Current Account, Goods and Services,Goods , Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Secondary income, General government, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Goods , General merchandise on a balance of payments basis, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Financial account, Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from financial account), National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,061	1,153
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from current and capital account), Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	397.9	442.9	398.0
Current Account, Primary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.07	0.08
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.5
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	33.40
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	26.00	25.56	25.11	24.67	24.22	23.78
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		16.89	22.88	22.88	22.88	22.88	22.88	22.88
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		16.89	22.88

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Malawi

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