ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Malawi

Official language: English, Nyanja
Currency: Malawi Kwacha
Capital City: Lilongwe
Area: 118484km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs

18628.7K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

6.3B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

55.4

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

139.9

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	31.46	31.35	31.02	30.58	30.03	29.59	29.15	29.04	29.15	29.26
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	41.47	41.47	41.47	41.47	44.22	44.22	44.22
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	660.6	677.2	692.0	704.7	715.2	723.6	730.4	736.3	741.5	746.4
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	597.6	613.1	626.8	638.3	647.9	655.5	661.8	667.2	672.1	676.7
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	628.8	644.9	659.2	671.4	681.5	689.5	696.1	701.8	706.9	711.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					70.40		70.07
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					67.32		63.36
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					67.76		67.43
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					81.29		82.61
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					102.74		101.97
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					110.55		110.55
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					104.28		104.83
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					91.63		92.95
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					77.00		80.63
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					69.19		64.46
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					63.03		65.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					52.47		53.35
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					41.36		42.46
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					100.98		99.77
Population - Female (%)	549.34	549.01
Population - Female (thousands)	83,585	85,987	88,438	90,927	93,447	95,992	98,567	101,188	103,878
Population - Male (thousands)	80,999	83,369	85,794	88,258	90,751	93,266	95,805	98,388	101,038
Population - Total (thousands)	164,583	169,356	174,232	179,185	184,198	189,258	194,372	199,575	204,916
Population - Urban (%)	172.70	173.80	176.00	177.10	179.30	181.50	183.70	185.90	189.20
Population - Urban (%)	172.70	173.80	176.00	177.10	179.30	181.50	183.70
Population - Urban (thousands)	26,939	27,995	29,117	30,294	31,537	32,846	34,243
Total fertility rate (per woman)	56.8	54.9	53.0	51.4	49.8	48.5	47.3	46.3	45.4	44.6

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	1,677	1,661
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	6,798	6,864	6,996	7,018	6,974
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)				183.70
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	1,056	1,056	1,056	1,056
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	234.30	231.00	228.80	228.80	227.70
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)				183.70
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	1,056	990.00	968.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	234.30	231.00	228.80	228.80	227.70
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	913.00	935.00	957.00	968.00	990.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	429.00	440.00	440.00	451.00	451.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	929.5	850.3	784.3	735.9	704.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)				606.43	607.20
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)				835.78	767.25
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)				716.65	683.54
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Gender parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	11.2	11.6	11.1
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	1,549	1,517	1,575	1,581	1,571	1,554	1,566
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	1,508	1,482	1,544	1,549	1,536	1,510	1,513
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	1,487	1,499	1,559	1,565	1,553	1,532	1,539
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	356.51	344.52	377.96	398.42	407.99	387.86	407.00
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	395.56	388.63	421.41	439.89	444.73	434.50	432.08
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	376.09	366.63	399.74	419.21	426.36	411.18	419.54
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	6.82
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	10.78
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	8.91
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)					385.00
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)				806.63	807.29
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)				866.58	797.39
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)				836.88	802.34
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	47.3	47.3	47.3	47.3
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	315.04	305.03	330.44	345.84	356.18	338.80
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	329.34	327.14	350.46	353.54	360.14	352.99
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	318.78	316.14	340.45	349.69	358.16	345.95
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	19,804,917	20,459,549	21,877,009	22,673,288	23,275,329	23,754,632	24,649,317	24,405,524	25,478,167
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	19,401,272	20,104,326	21,590,712	22,389,466	22,974,193	23,331,165	24,124,430	24,454,705	25,048,441
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	39,206,189	40,563,875	43,467,721	45,062,754	46,249,522	47,085,797	48,773,747	48,860,229	50,526,608
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics (%)
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Female (%)
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	836.8	815.0	760.7	799.9	764.6		685.4	645.5
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	463.4	456.7	458.5	431.3	416.9		766.7	795.4
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	149.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	11.2	11.2	11.1
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	9.9	9.8	9.9
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	7.0
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)				10.56
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	95.5	93.3	96.8	97.4	96.8	95.9	96.7
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	93.3	91.5	95.2	95.8	95.0	93.6	93.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	94.4	92.4	95.9	96.6	95.9	94.8	95.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	21.6	20.8	22.9	24.6	25.2	23.9	24.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	24.3	23.8	25.9	27.5	27.7	27.1	26.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	22.9	22.3	24.3	26.1	26.4	25.5	25.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.6
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.4
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	524.92	653.29	600.93
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	556.38	720.28	588.83
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	540.32	685.63	594.77

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	88.0	62.9	58.2	65.6	70.7	58.4	69.7
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	13,780	15,678	21,206	27,879	35,340	41,938	50,923

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	1,184	1,436	1,827	2,262	2,757	3,355	3,743	4,208	4,602
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	83.82	233.97	300.08	261.69	240.57	238.81	126.94	136.62	103.07
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	107.69	380.38	220.33	265.21	273.57	219.56	77.88	108.90	127.16
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	83.82	233.97	300.08	261.69	240.57	238.81	126.94	136.62	103.07
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	107.80	380.38	258.50	265.65	273.46	219.67	122.54
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	930.49	1,252	1,546	1,920	2,397	2,876	3,196

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)			0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		33,187	37,059	40,249	40,117	42,053	44,242
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	18,461	15,496	15,496
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	31.79	63.58	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	66	72.6	477.18	88	88	88	88
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	19,063	23,802	26,182	28,798	29,249	29,722	30,228
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	31.13	34.21	133.43	141.46	144.43	148.39
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		4,147	3,982	4,092	4,114	4,246	4,389
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3,476	3,487	4,059	4,081	4,125	4,125
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	19,198	23,978	26,862	29,038	29,491	29,975	30,481

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	1,012	1,056	990.0	1,166	1,320	1,430
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	24.64	27.83	25.96	24.09	27.72	29.81
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	396.0	385.0	363.0	396.0	429.0	330.0	385.0	473.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	8,437	8,470	8,745
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)		8,470	8,745	9,009	8,855	9,339	9,207
Overnight stays (thousands)		73,722		91,014	79,684
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	68.09	67.76	67.32	67.54	68.20		73.70
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	78.98	78.21	77.88	78.10	78.76		84.70

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	0.11	0.11	0.55	0.55	0.33
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)				0.00	0.00
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.00
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	12.76	16.28	2.31	1.32	0.99	0.77	1.10	0.88	0.77
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	36.63	47.85	55.55	64.13	58.30	126.17	151.58
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	43,467,292	51,115,834	58,190,484	61,957,654	72,233,777	78,962,224	85,497,533
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	290.51	331.98	367.40	380.38	431.42	458.92	483.89	429.11	525.58
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)	0.1		0.7	0.2	0.3
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)				2.0	2.3
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)	0.9		3.9	4.2	5.4
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	19.0	13.6	96.5	94.2	64.4
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	36.63	47.85	55.55	64.13	102.30
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	935.00	935.00	1,096	1,096	1,045
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)		22.00	55.00	55.00	352.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				0.00	66.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - current USD (billions)	275.2	479.7	645.4	670.9	411.5

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	45.21	121.88	202.51	144.87
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1,722	2,740	4,009	4,674
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1,722	2,740	4,009	4,674	5,496	7,898	8,033	8,056	8,201
Interest rate - Lending (%)	261.25	355.63	506.11	487.19

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	15.6	22.6	34.7	45.1	49.1	68.0	62.7
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	8,781	12,880	12,458	10,243	11,543	13,654	16,670
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	561.88	800.14	751.52	600.05	656.81	754.71	895.18
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	337.15	483.12	651.75	602.14	672.87	674.74	681.12	674.30	649.11

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	5.0	4.0	6.7	5.0	2.5	2.6	2.5
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	14.3	15.0	13.9	15.7	16.9	14.0	16.7
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-94.71	-101.20	-91.96	-91.63	-103.18	-149.38	-110.11
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-12,503.8	-8,191.4	-13,598.0	-12,413.9	-10,232.7	-10,029.7	-11,235.1
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-4,422.6	3,376	-3,020.8	-3,508.4
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-11,885.1	79.4	-1.1	-75.8
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	1,417	1,424	4,901	6,587	3,165	3,582	3,048
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	12,814	12,836	10,686	12,988	11,666	12,682
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	-545.1	-548.0	45.6	52.2	56.2	46.4	55.4
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	791.1	792.5	144.4	175.5	157.6	171.3
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-20.1	-6.0	-5.5	-6.2
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-4,153.1	-460.5	-2,929.2	-3,293.6	-3,590.7	-2,241.1	-2,135.3
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	5,707	5,168	6,516	5,972	4,377	4,872	4,378
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-1,798.5	-1,343.9	-1,474.6	-1,753.1	-2,342.4	-1,830.6	-2,057.8
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-275.00
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-12,259.6	-11,555.2	-15,710.2	-13,339.5	-8,676.4	-10,829.7	-11,420.3
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	148.4	179.9	253.9	286.3

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	13,270
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	1.10
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	139.70	137.50	112.20
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					367.40
Land area covered by forest (%)

Malawi

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