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Mozambique

Official language: Portuguese
Currency: Mozambique Metical (New)
Capital City: Maputo
Area: 801590km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Mineral-rich countries

34858402.0K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

15.8B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

66.2

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

121.2

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	3.04	3.21	3.00	2.90	2.87	2.94	2.75	2.74	2.81	2.78
Population - Urban (%)	34.40	34.90	35.50
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	55.8	56.5	57.2	57.7	58.3	58.1	56.2	56.5	59.5	59.7
Total fertility rate (per woman)	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.4
Population - Urban (number)	9,635,602	10,069,035	10,519,046	10,986,620	11,472,938	11,978,439	12,503,542	13,048,749	13,614,614	14,201,743
Median age (years)	16.2	16.3	16.4	16.5	16.6	16.7	16.8	16.9	17.0	17.1
Population - Male (number)	13,128,328	13,561,221	14,002,439	14,426,886	14,851,787	15,293,300	15,737,224	16,176,217	16,634,672	17,110,870
Population - Urban (%)	34.40	34.93	35.45	35.99	36.53	37.07	37.63	38.19	38.75	39.33
Population - Total (number)	26,843,246	27,696,493	28,569,441	29,423,879	30,285,595	31,178,239	32,077,072	32,969,519	33,897,354	34,858,402
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	58.2	59.0	59.8	60.5	61.2	61.2	59.3	59.6	62.4	62.6
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	60.4	61.5	62.2	63.2	63.9	64.2	62.4	62.7	65.2	65.4
Population - Female (%)	51.09	51.04	50.99	50.97	50.96	50.95	50.94	50.94	50.93
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.40	4.37	4.35	4.33	4.31	4.29	4.27	4.25	4.22	4.20
Population - Female (number)	13,714,918	14,135,272	14,567,003	14,996,993	15,433,809	15,884,940	16,339,849	16,793,302	17,262,683	17,747,533
Population - Male (%)	48.41	48.45	48.49	48.52	48.56	48.59

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	77.8	74.4	72.1	70.0	67.2	65.4	63.4	61.8
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	87.4	84.0	81.5	79.3	76.7	74.5	72.5	70.6
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	21.00
	88.7	85.6	83.2	81.0	78.2	76.2	73.9
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)	15.60	31.70				14.80		15.40
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	78.9	75.7	73.5	71.4	68.8	66.9	64.9
	82.8	79.4	77.0	74.8	72.0	70.1	68.1	66.2
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	25.30
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	87.20			94.00
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00
	84.0	80.8	78.4	76.3	73.5	71.6	69.6

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	113.84	113.16	116.26	120.33	123.11	123.66	120.84	124.33
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	35.22	27.64	38.92	30.60	32.28	42.72	33.48	38.94
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	62.67		65.49			64.51	69.05
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)	3.5		3.9			4.4
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	19.32
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	54.7	53.6	52.4	55.3
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	3,087,976	3,144,659	3,188,449	3,406,166	3,594,602	3,723,272	3,737,813	3,938,694
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	3.1		3.1			3.9
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	88.77	88.73	88.23	92.48	96.28
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	94.27	92.81	91.52	95.38	98.91
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9		0.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	1.8		2.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	1.6		1.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			40.51	42.80	43.47
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	56.04		60.66			59.78
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	7.49	7.89	7.67
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	42.40	39.40	46.65	51.72	54.41	58.23		69.52
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	7.3	7.3	7.7	8.0	8.2	8.4		8.4
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)	2.6		2.3			3.2
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	7.6	7.6	8.1	8.3	8.6	8.6		8.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	1.7		2.0
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	43.06		50.30			48.57
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	33.57	26.78	37.01	30.34	31.94	41.30	33.63	37.89
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)			14.1	15.2
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)			38.92	41.81	43.07
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	43.27	37.80	49.80	55.00	58.01	61.54		73.42
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	108.63	108.65	112.01	116.09	119.07	120.16	116.94	121.18
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	7.88	8.27	7.98	8.20	7.88
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	6.47	7.04	6.94
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	41.68	39.10	52.97	58.29	61.62	64.85		77.30
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	5.75	6.52	6.50	6.71	6.72
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	79.07		77.26			76.46	75.96
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	103.43	104.14	107.75	111.84	115.01	116.64	113.02	118.01
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	31.95	25.94	35.11	30.07	31.61	39.88	33.78	36.85
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	5.47	6.21	6.21
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)	0.79		0.85			0.84	1.01
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	70.53		70.91			70.08	72.48
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			37.27	40.76	42.66
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	19.23
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.0	7.9	8.4	8.7	8.9	8.9		8.9
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	70.76		72.60			72.47
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	6.81	7.39	7.24	7.45	7.30
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	91.51	90.77	89.87	93.93	97.60	99.13
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	19.28
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	5,901,996	6,042,936	6,138,518	6,563,376	6,940,864	7,219,935	7,216,319	7,656,055
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	2,814,020	2,898,277	2,950,069	3,157,210	3,346,262	3,496,663	3,478,506	3,717,361
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	39.7		36.5

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	352,191,745	200,838,536	202,836,734	198,262,677	200,764,059	160,667,646	222,565,713	234,442,549
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	591.7	687.1	804.5
Industry (%)							24.48
Changes in inventories (US dollars)
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	5,279,638,405	4,270,264,171	5,444,267,926	6,837,559,128	5,761,757,678	4,667,776,263	6,523,890,987	9,671,655,902
Industry (%)	20.46	23.05	26.68	28.19	26.62	24.52
Services (%)	53.63	51.16	45.49	44.49	46.13	46.69
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	14,810,284,629	11,266,469,943	12,131,098,489	13,149,893,181	14,032,987,511	12,740,661,903	14,714,330,520	16,914,607,390
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	1,346,746,327	979,745,378	1,037,279,916	1,293,464,825	1,353,911,649	1,187,060,557	1,303,947,215	1,565,661,861
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	2,665,145,098	2,281,401,193	2,928,556,380	3,606,223,057	3,504,964,572	2,936,104,336	3,324,896,008	3,960,058,658
Services (%)							44.79
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	3,819,860,873	2,851,588,673	3,458,749,810	3,835,817,913	3,842,476,549	3,826,762,009	4,348,332,450	4,919,464,782
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	1,712,278,100	1,093,907,533	1,164,651,796	1,354,345,282	1,424,201,138	1,202,139,878	1,390,463,205	1,664,566,979
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	14.8	10.9	12.7
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	14,810,284,629	16,273,008,694	16,459,051,663	16,773,224,017	17,756,381,656	17,329,110,842	17,936,427,727	18,573,754,187
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	34,918	37,951	36,776	38,951	40,565	40,548	43,143
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	16,208,985,710	16,970,320,189	17,418,032,427	18,025,039,938	18,442,825,648	18,217,911,161	18,651,029,698	19,464,182,762
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	2,019,012,149	1,467,876,759	1,558,396,280	1,660,272,047	1,821,601,355	1,660,142,659	1,640,422,149	1,798,338,570
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	6,847,613,661	5,585,604,715	4,271,785,580	6,905,096,693	6,336,360,132	6,381,265,745	6,526,933,046	7,101,303,412

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	3.55	17.42	15.11	3.91	2.78	3.14	-22.50	4.08
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	10.55	21.15	5.65	3.52	3.50	3.52	-22.93	4.94
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	3.55	17.42	15.11	3.91	2.78	3.14	-22.50	4.08
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	215.57	261.06	297.52
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	126.29	148.29	170.70	177.38	182.31	188.04	145.73	151.68
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	11.10	21.10	13.97	3.91	2.79	3.14	5.29

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	19,105	19,423	19,790
Conventional crude oil - Production, metric tons (thousands)	0.0	0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Conventional crude oil - Export (terajoules)	2,016	2,058
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	11,358	12,224	13,183
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	2,930	2,736
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	1.21	1.22
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.7
Conventional crude oil - Production (terajoules)	2,016	2,058
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)	0	0
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	1,168	1,226	1,292
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2,621	2,626
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	16,398	15,609	15,833
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	2,706	3,123	3,271
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Export, metric tons (thousands)	0.0	0.0
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			1,957,000	2,082,000	2,231,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	6.37		7.90
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	7.31		8.80
Overnight stays (thousands)	410.0	384.0	300.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	4.88	3.02
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	202.0	114.0	164.0	331.0	324.0	113.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	322.0	305.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	30.0	34.4	34.7	35.3

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
			31.36
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.33	0.30	0.28	0.21
	40.00	75.00	80.00	82.00	82.00	85.00	85.00
	11,364	12,246	36,491	19,424	38,374	40,000	39,871
	6.50	7.00	7.80	10.90	15.10	16.50
	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.02
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	75.01	54.25	41.57	47.83	48.78	49.60	42.67
			26.39
	1,043	525	478	5,042	24,291	25,000	20,462
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	74.46	53.99	41.45	47.72
	0.00	0.00	0.00	33.00	40.00	50.00	50.00
	6.50	7.00	7.80	10.90	15.10	16.50
							17.37
			36.84
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	20,134,932	15,025,598	11,875,506	14,074,248	14,773,364
								0.18
	0.16	0.17	0.22	0.24	0.23	0.22	0.2
	0.04	0.04	0.13	0.07	0.13	0.13	0.12
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.33	0.30	0.28	0.21	0.27	0.29	0.19
	42,570	46,599	61,641	70,142	69,975	70,000	65,495
	78.00	80.00	80.00	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00
	30,163	33,828	24,672	45,676	7,310	7,000	5,162
	0	0	0	0.02	0.08	0.08	0.06
, 2018=100	98,544,380	86,765,100	96,408,350	58,147,510	69,302,080	89,957,060	70,386,520

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	10,022	8,606	8,082	12,223	12,271	10,300
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	4,957	4,004	5,100	6,661	4,966	4,190

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)	14.87
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	39.98	63.06	63.58	60.33	62.55
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	39.98
Deposit rate (%) (%)	8.53

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	23.0	29.5	24.9	31.2	34.0	24.3	109.3
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-42.5	-41.3	-24.6	-61.3	-1.4	-53.3	-43.8	-22.0
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,815	1,529	1,776
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	87.43	119.16	100.02	103.60	96.05	119.02	102.32	126.42
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-6.66	-5.12	-1.99	-5.59	-0.15	-5.12	-3.58
International reserves - current USD (millions)	2,581	2,183		3,258	3,888	4,091	3,781
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	64.79	53.04	59.85
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	245.86	369.35	360.88	344.94	361.66	429.74	398.59
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	108.7	108.7
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-13.0
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	3.5
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-37.41	-32.22	-19.56	-30.31	-19.07	-27.58	-22.45
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	54.9	52.9	114.9
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-4,163.3	-1,404.7	-497.8
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-39.6	-113.1	124.8
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-2,306.4	-2,701.1	-2,331.8
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	3,867	3,093	2,293	2,703	2,212	3,035	5,102
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-5,967.9	-3,846.0	-2,585.5
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.3	0.2	0.2
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-300.1	-260.7	-393.5
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	1.5	34.7	26.0	-25.3	-30.9	153.4	193.7
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	65.2
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	28,737	31,830
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	802.0	520.5	637.6

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.24	0.29
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	5.5	7.3	7.2	7.0	7.5
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)	0.20	0.30
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	48.20
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	48.25	47.85	47.57	47.34	47.01	46.73
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		13.45	13.45	13.45	13.44	17.98	17.98	17.98
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		13.45	13.45

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Mozambique

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