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Rwanda

Official language: Rwanda, French, English
Currency: Rwandan Franc
Capital City: Kigali
Area: 26338km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Economic Community of the Great Lakes countries , Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs, Mineral-rich countries, East African Community (EAC), CEPGL

12627.0K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

9.1B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

37.9

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

133.4

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	32.24	31.98	32.11	32.63	33.41	34.06	34.32	34.19	33.54	32.63
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	83.59	83.59	83.59	83.59	72.67	72.67	72.67
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	861.6	874.4	885.3	894.7	902.6	909.4	915.2	920.1	924.7	929.0
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	814.8	825.9	835.3	843.1	849.8	855.5	860.5	864.8	868.7	872.4
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	838.8	850.7	860.9	869.4	876.9	883.1	888.4	893.1	897.3	901.3
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					48.36		45.89
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					93.73		76.57
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					184.60		137.41
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					194.87		184.21
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					162.63		176.93
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					139.23		150.80
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					113.10		124.28
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					88.92		99.32
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					67.08		77.48
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					64.61		56.29
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					46.02		55.51
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					29.64		37.44
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					19.76		24.70
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					47.58		53.04
Population - Female (%)	661.57	661.31
Population - Female (thousands)	68,199	69,872	71,580	73,357	75,223	77,187	79,234	81,340	83,471
Population - Male (thousands)	65,614	67,274	68,970	70,730	72,574	74,508	76,519	78,586	80,679
Population - Total (thousands)	133,813	137,146	140,550	144,087	147,798	151,695	155,752	159,926	164,150
Population - Urban (%)	219.70	219.70	219.70	221.00	221.00	222.30	222.30	223.60	224.90
Population - Urban (%)	219.70	219.70	219.70	221.00	221.00	222.30	222.30
Population - Urban (thousands)	23,153	23,764	24,375	25,025	25,701	26,429	27,183
Total fertility rate (per woman)	57.3	56.2	55.3	54.6	54.1	53.6	53.2	52.5	51.9	51.1

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	4,693	4,368	4,134	3,952	3,770
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	1,274	1,274	1,274	1,274
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	460.20	445.90	436.80	425.10	410.80
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	1,235	1,261	1,261
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	460.20	445.90	436.80	425.10	410.80
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	962.00	962.00	975.00	988.00	988.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	754.00	767.00	780.00	793.00	806.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	750.1	677.3	621.4	575.9	542.1

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		840.58		859.82	884.26
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		941.85		989.95	951.73
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		888.29		920.40	916.76
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)	13.8	13.7	13.4		13.0
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	15.6				12.4
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	13.3	12.6	13.0	13.1	13.1
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	1,868	1,892	1,847	1,794	1,772	1,778	1,726
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	1,816	1,852	1,807	1,754	1,751	1,785	1,743
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	1,877	1,872	1,827	1,774	1,762	1,781	1,735
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	479.83	522.34	548.99	540.80	505.31	498.68	523.90
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	464.75	487.76	511.03	493.87	465.66	454.09	467.22
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	472.29	505.18	530.14	517.40	485.55	476.45	495.69
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	75.27	77.87	87.23	90.22	90.61	90.35	93.34
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	100.10	96.33	110.76	108.68	116.61	118.30	105.43
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	92.30	86.97	98.80	99.19	103.22	104.00	99.32
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	713.83	753.22	716.95
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	616.07	640.90	613.21
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	664.95	710.45	677.69	652.21	650.65	743.99	892.19
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		1,085		1,121
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		1,055		1,090
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		1,070		1,106	1,045
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)		42.0		46.0
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)		56.0		59.4
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	46.8	48.1	48.1	48.1
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)		48.5		52.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	1,279	1,283	1,214			1,253	1,225
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)						1,240	1,217
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)			1,250	1,251	1,236	1,246	1,221
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)					387.40	388.70
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)					333.45	330.46
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)					360.49	359.71
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)	530.01	561.21	604.89		601.12
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)	544.96	573.69	614.77	611.65	601.38
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)	514.93	548.60	594.88		600.99
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	15,482,233	15,784,470	15,845,154	15,830,412	16,077,607	16,576,209	16,477,916	16,176,693	16,165,097
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	14,952,665	15,346,292	15,382,978	15,362,295	15,781,558	16,525,210	16,546,946	16,371,472	16,496,948
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	30,434,898	31,130,762	31,228,132	31,192,707	31,859,165	33,101,419	33,024,862	32,548,165	32,662,045
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	755.2	770.6	777.7	757.3	758.4	760.0	752.2	773.6
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	308.1	297.8	296.3	281.5	249.7	241.5	261.2	367.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	370.8		335.5	301.6	310.4	422.1	304.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	13.5	13.4	13.4
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	13.8	14.2	14.2
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	9.9	10.5
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	113.5	114.7	110.1	110.0	106.0	110.0	108.6
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	110.2	112.2	107.6	107.5	104.7	110.8	110.1
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	111.9	113.5	108.9	108.8	105.3	110.4	109.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	28.7	31.3	32.9	32.5	30.6	30.8	31.5
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	27.8	29.3	30.7	29.6	28.2	28.3	28.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	28.3	30.3	31.9	31.1	29.4	29.5	29.8
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	3.8	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	5.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	5.1	6.0	6.1	5.7	6.0	6.1	5.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	4.4	5.2	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.5	5.3
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	488.28	502.58	506.22	629.07	795.21	819.52
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	437.19	402.61	394.55	532.35	712.66	662.35
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	462.80	451.75	449.28	581.36	755.04	741.78

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	85.3	95.4	99.1	104.2	107.6	110.2	118.8
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	51,220	58,578	64,077	71,058	77,584	86,736	98,761

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	1,340	1,478	1,566	1,602	1,642	1,760	1,906	1,900	1,963
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	40.30	133.51	77.22	30.29	32.89	93.34	107.51	-4.03	43.55
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	95.42	118.56	66.56	-6.50	87.88	143.65	-2.08	1.69	153.27
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	40.30	133.51	77.22	30.29	32.50	93.34	107.64	-4.03	43.42
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	108.42	50.44	47.45	27.43	58.89	94.64	91.00
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	1,191	1,237	1,282	1,309	1,369	1,468	1,571

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)						0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		3,757	4,849	5,304	5,356	5,512	5,681
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	4,243	4,934	5,044
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	26	26	26	26	26
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	2,470	2,544	3,326	4,004	4,043	4,095	4,160
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	1,937	1,947	2,788	2,788	2,821	2,847	2,886
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	17.03	34.19	3,879	3,879	4,034	4,264
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		2,431	2,366	2,275	2,340	2,522	2,730
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1,109	1,330	1,525	1,703	2,483	2,483
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	4,424	4,526	9,993	10,671	6,929	7,020	7,111

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	1,846	1,729	1,638	1,729	3,835	4,017
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	395.98	395.98	370.24	371.67	390.39	382.98
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	3,874	4,381	4,732	4,888	5,551	5,759	7,124	6,864
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	8,944	10,595	11,232	12,038
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	11,804	13,793	14,586	15,860	16,874	16,991
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	76.1	84.1	95.1	99.8	107.5	109.1
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	96.98	103.35	103.74	91.13	94.38		144.30
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	111.02	117.26	118.04	104.78	108.42		165.10

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	325.00	338.00

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	1.04	0.65	0.26	0.26	2.21
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)				0.26	2.21
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	4.94	5.46	5.46	5.85	1.95	1.43	1.30	1.43	1.17
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	91.00	104.26	117.00	137.80	234.00	260.00	283.01
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	57,800,522	73,979,763	86,959,054	100,711,247	113,875,047	115,979,929	114,649,821
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	561.47	701.22	804.31	908.70	1,002	993.98	956.93	1,025	994.37
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)				37.9	274.6
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	112.4	71.5	36.2	37.9	274.6
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	91.00	104.26	117.00	137.80	234.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	1,265	1,279	1,291	1,299	1,300
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)			1,144	1,144	1,144
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				104.00	260.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - current USD (billions)	551.1	177.7	630.1	254.7	925.5

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	103.48	130.52	111.54	100.88	98.67
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	7,804	7,986	8,406	8,864	9,373
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	7,804	7,986	8,406	8,872	9,358	10,234	10,810	11,194	11,692
Interest rate - Lending (%)	217.49	214.37	220.09	229.58	221.39

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	25.0	26.1	39.7	54.7	51.1	58.6	50.3
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	16,422	11,422	14,122	13,455	14,109	14,917	15,930
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	1,562	1,059	1,276	1,186	1,213	1,252	1,305
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	216.45	245.83	270.14	345.28	385.97	427.83	474.37	528.58	650.00

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	2.6	2.2	3.0	4.4	3.9	2.5	2.5
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	104.4	92.8	109.2	113.2	78.2	67.5	100.2
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-95.68	-145.86	-112.84	-152.88	-173.42	-185.77	-88.40
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-6,090.7	-9,713.2	-7,231.8	-12,264.8	-15,617.0	-17,365.1	-8,164.6
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	152.5	337.1	748.3	361.5	-322.5
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-3,269.2	-8,107.7	-6,795.9	-8,862.9	-10,706.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	1,548	3,315	3,349	5,966	4,937	4,449	4,761
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	6,436	9,307	10,890	14,980	18,223	29,085
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)			175.6	22.0
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	168.2	168.2	168.2	190.2	190.2	221.0
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-406.8	-88.0	-22.1	27.6	-87.9
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-743.8	-1,335.0	-1,713.2	-2,282.3	-2,968.8	-3,851.3	-4,201.2
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	10,372	8,217	9,633	7,514	6,973	6,815	7,753
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-1,355.9	-37.2	-191.1	-1,005.5	-3,545.0	-3,303.7	-387.1
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-302.90
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-14,362.9	-16,558.1	-14,960.1	-16,491.4	-16,075.9	-17,025.0	-11,329.7
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	1,432	1,537	882.6	832.5	1,354

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	8,628
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.52
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	71.50	48.10	49.40
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					253.50
Land area covered by forest (%)

Rwanda

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