ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Rwanda

Official language: Rwanda, French, English
Currency: Rwandan Franc
Capital City: Kigali
Area: 26338km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Economic Community of the Great Lakes countries , Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs, Mineral-rich countries, East African Community (EAC), CEPGL

12627.0K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

9.1B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

37.9

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

133.4

₂₀₁₇

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	29.76	29.52	29.64	30.12	30.84	31.44	31.68	31.56	30.96	30.12
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	77.16	77.16	77.16	77.16	67.08	67.08	67.08
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	795.4	807.1	817.2	825.8	833.2	839.4	844.8	849.4	853.6	857.5
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	752.2	762.4	771.0	778.2	784.4	789.7	794.3	798.2	801.8	805.3
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	774.2	785.3	794.6	802.6	809.4	815.2	820.1	824.4	828.2	832.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					44.64		42.36
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					86.52		70.68
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					170.40		126.84
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					179.88		170.04
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					150.12		163.32
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					128.52		139.20
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					104.40		114.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					82.08		91.68
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					61.92		71.52
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					59.64		51.96
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					42.48		51.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					27.36		34.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					18.24		22.80
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					43.92		48.96
Population - Female (%)	610.68	610.44
Population - Female (thousands)	62,953	64,497	66,074	67,714	69,437	71,249	73,139	75,083	77,050
Population - Male (thousands)	60,567	62,099	63,664	65,290	66,992	68,777	70,633	72,541	74,473
Population - Total (thousands)	123,520	126,596	129,738	133,004	136,429	140,026	143,772	147,624	151,523
Population - Urban (%)	202.80	202.80	202.80	204.00	204.00	205.20	205.20	206.40	207.60
Population - Urban (%)	202.80	202.80	202.80	204.00	204.00	205.20	205.20
Population - Urban (thousands)	21,372	21,936	22,500	23,100	23,724	24,396	25,092
Total fertility rate (per woman)	52.9	51.8	51.0	50.4	49.9	49.4	49.1	48.5	47.9	47.2

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	4,332	4,032	3,816	3,648	3,480
Neo-natal mortality (Per 1,000 live births)	254.4	240.0	228.0	218.4	210.0	202.8	196.8
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	1,176	1,176	1,176	1,176
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	424.80	411.60	403.20	392.40	379.20
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	1,140	1,164	1,164
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	424.80	411.60	403.20	392.40	379.20
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	888.00	888.00	900.00	912.00	912.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	696.00	708.00	720.00	732.00	744.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	692.4	625.2	573.6	531.6	500.4

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		775.92		793.68	816.24
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		869.40		913.80	878.52
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		819.96		849.60	846.24
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)	12.7	12.6	12.4		12.0
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)	14.4				11.4
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)	12.2	11.6	12.0	12.1	12.1
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	1,724	1,746	1,705	1,656	1,635	1,641	1,593
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	1,676	1,710	1,668	1,619	1,617	1,647	1,609
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	1,732	1,728	1,686	1,637	1,626	1,644	1,601
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	442.92	482.16	506.76	499.20	466.44	460.32	483.60
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	429.00	450.24	471.72	455.88	429.84	419.16	431.28
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	435.96	466.32	489.36	477.60	448.20	439.80	457.56
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	69.48	71.88	80.52	83.28	83.64	83.40	86.16
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	92.40	88.92	102.24	100.32	107.64	109.20	97.32
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	85.20	80.28	91.20	91.56	95.28	96.00	91.68
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	658.92	695.28	661.80
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	568.68	591.60	566.04
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	613.80	655.80	625.56	602.04	600.60	686.76	823.56
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		1,002		1,035
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		973.44		1,006
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		987.96		1,021	964.44
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)		38.8		42.5
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)		51.7		54.8
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	43.2	44.4	44.4	44.4
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)		44.8		48.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	1,181	1,185	1,121			1,156	1,131
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)						1,144	1,123
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)			1,153	1,155	1,141	1,150	1,127
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)					357.60	358.80
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)					307.80	305.04
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)					332.76	332.04
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)	489.24	518.04	558.36		554.88
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)	503.04	529.56	567.48	564.60	555.12
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)	475.32	506.40	549.12		554.76
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	697.1	711.4	717.8	699.0	700.1	701.5	694.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	284.4	274.9	273.5	259.8	230.5	223.0	241.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	342.2		309.7	278.4	286.6	389.6	281.2
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	12.5	12.4	12.4
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	12.7	13.1	13.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	9.1	9.7
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	104.8	105.8	101.6	101.5	97.8	101.5	100.2
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	101.8	103.6	99.4	99.2	96.6	102.2	101.6
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	103.3	104.8	100.6	100.4	97.2	101.9	100.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	26.5	28.9	30.4	30.0	28.2	28.4	29.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	25.7	27.0	28.3	27.4	26.0	26.2	25.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	26.2	28.0	29.4	28.7	27.1	27.2	27.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	3.5	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	4.7	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.6	5.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	4.1	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.9
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	450.72	463.92	467.28	580.68	734.04	756.48
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	403.56	371.64	364.20	491.40	657.84	611.40
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	427.20	417.00	414.72	536.64	696.96	684.72

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	47,280	54,072	59,148	65,592	71,616	80,064	91,164
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	78.8	88.0	91.5	96.2	99.3	101.7	109.6

Prices

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	1,237	1,364	1,445	1,479	1,516	1,625	1,760	1,754	1,813
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	37.20	123.24	71.28	27.96	30.36	86.16	99.24	-3.72	40.20
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	88.08	109.44	61.44	-6.00	81.48	132.48	-2.04	2.04	142.56
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	37.20	123.24	71.28	27.96	30.36	86.16	99.24	-3.72	40.20
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	100.08	46.56	43.80	25.32	54.36	87.36	84.00
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	1,099	1,142	1,184	1,209	1,263	1,356	1,450

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)						0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		3,468	4,476	4,896	4,944	5,088	5,244
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	3,917	4,554	4,656
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	24	24	24	24	24
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	2,280	2,348	3,071	3,696	3,732	3,780	3,840
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	1,788	1,798	2,574	2,574	2,604	2,628	2,664
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	15.72	31.56	3,581	3,581	3,724	3,936
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		2,244	2,184	2,100	2,160	2,328	2,520
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1,024	1,228	1,408	1,572	2,292	2,292
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	4,084	4,177	9,225	9,850	6,396	6,480	6,564

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	1,704	1,596	1,512	1,596	3,540	3,708
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	365.52	365.52	341.76	343.08	360.36	353.52
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	3,576	4,044	4,368	4,512	5,484	5,640	7,392
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	10,896	12,732	13,464	14,640	15,576	15,684
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	70.3	77.6	87.8	92.1	99.2	100.7
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	89.52	95.40	95.76	84.12	87.12		133.20
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	102.48	108.24	108.96	96.72	100.08		152.40

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	300.00	312.00

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	0.96	0.60	0.24	0.24	2.04
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)				0.24	2.04
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	4.56	5.04	5.04	5.40	1.80	1.32	1.20	1.32
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	84.00	96.24	108.00	127.20	216.00	240.00	261.24
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	53,354,328	68,289,012	80,269,896	92,964,228	105,115,428	107,058,396	105,830,604
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)				35.0	253.5
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	103.7	66.0	33.4	35.0	253.5
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	84.00	96.24	108.00	127.20	216.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	1,168	1,181	1,192	1,199	1,200
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)			1,056	1,056	1,056
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				96.00	240.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - US dollars (billions)	508.7	164.0	581.6	235.1	854.3

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	95.52	120.48	102.96	93.12	91.08
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	7,204	7,372	7,760	8,182	8,652
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	7,204	7,372	7,760	8,189	8,638	9,447	9,979	10,333	10,792
Interest rate - Lending (%)	200.76	197.88	203.16	211.92	204.36

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	23.0	24.1	36.6	50.5	47.2	54.1	46.4
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	1,441	977.28	1,178	1,095	1,120	1,155	1,204
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	15,159	10,544	13,035	12,420	13,024	13,769	14,705
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	199.80	226.92	249.36	318.72	356.28	394.92	437.88	487.92	600.00

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	2.4	2.1	2.8	4.0	3.6	2.3	2.3
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	96.3	85.6	100.8	104.5	72.2	62.3	92.5
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-88.32	-134.64	-104.16	-141.12	-160.08	-171.48	-81.60
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-5,622.2	-8,966.0	-6,675.5	-11,321.4	-14,415.7	-16,029.3	-7,536.6
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	140.7	311.2	690.8	333.7	-297.7
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	-3,017.8	-7,484.0	-6,273.2	-8,181.1	-9,883.3
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	1,429	3,060	3,092	5,507	4,558	4,107	4,395
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	5,941	8,591	10,052	13,828	16,822	26,847
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)			162.1	20.3
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	155.3	155.3	155.3	175.6	175.6	204.0
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-375.5	-81.2	-20.4	25.4	-81.2
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-686.6	-1,232.3	-1,581.4	-2,106.8	-2,740.5	-3,555.1	-3,878.0
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	9,574	7,585	8,892	6,936	6,436	6,291	7,157
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-1,251.6	-34.3	-176.4	-928.2	-3,272.3	-3,049.6	-357.3
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-279.60
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-13,258.1	-15,284.4	-13,809.3	-15,222.8	-14,839.3	-15,715.4	-10,458.2
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	1,322	1,419	814.7	768.5	1,249

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	7,964
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.48
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	66.00	44.40	45.60
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					234.00
Land area covered by forest (%)

Rwanda

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