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Rwanda

Official language: Rwanda, French, English
Currency: Rwandan Franc
Capital City: Kigali
Area: 26338km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Economic Community of the Great Lakes countries , Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs, Mineral-rich countries, East African Community (EAC), CEPGL

13276.5K

₂₀₂₁

Mid-year population

9.1B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate

131.3

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)			3.74					-0.03
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.47	2.51	2.57	2.62	2.64	2.63	2.58	2.51	2.44
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	6.43	6.43	5.59	5.59	5.59
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	68.1	68.8	69.4	70.0	70.4	70.8	71.1	71.5	71.8
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	64.3	64.9	65.4	65.8	66.2	66.5	66.8	67.1	67.4
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	66.2	66.9	67.5	67.9	68.3	68.7	69.0	69.3	69.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)			3.72		3.53
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)			7.21		5.89
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)			14.20		10.57
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)			14.99		14.17
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)			12.51		13.61
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)			10.71		11.60
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)			8.70		9.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)			6.84		7.64
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)			5.16		5.96
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)			4.97		4.33
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)			3.54		4.27
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)			2.28		2.88
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)			1.52		1.90
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)			3.66		4.08
Population - Female (%)	50.93	50.91	50.90	50.88	50.87	50.86	50.85	50.84
Population - Female (thousands)	5,506	5,643	5,786	5,937	6,095	6,257	6,421	6,585	6,748
Population - Male (%)	49.07	49.09	49.10	49.12	49.13	49.14	49.15	49.16
Population - Male (thousands)	5,305	5,441	5,583	5,731	5,886	6,045	6,206	6,367	6,528
Population - Total (thousands)	10,812	11,084	11,369	11,669	11,981	12,302	12,627	12,952	13,277
Population - Urban (%)	16.90	17.00	17.00	17.10	17.10	17.20	17.30	17.40
Population - Urban (%)	16.90	17.00	17.00	17.10	17.10
Population - Urban (thousands)	1,875	1,925	1,977	2,033	2,091
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Percentage of children under-five and underweight (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	98.00	98.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	97.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	33.60	32.70	31.60
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	60.00	61.00	62.00

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		61.28	68.02			65.46
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		73.93	73.21			76.03
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		67.11	70.52			70.41
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	142.07	137.97	140.57	141.19	137.17	132.13	129.97
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	138.98	134.91	138.68	141.36	138.19	133.96	132.65
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	140.53	136.44	139.62	141.28	137.68	133.04	131.31
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	42.23	41.60	39.39	39.01	41.11	43.28	47.05
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	39.31	37.99	36.30	35.52	36.63	38.49	41.56
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	40.78	39.80	37.85	37.27	38.88	40.90	44.32
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	6.71	6.94	6.97	6.95	7.18
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	8.52	8.36	8.97	9.10	8.11
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	7.60	7.63	7.94	8.00	7.64
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)	55.15
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)	47.17
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)	52.13	50.17	50.05	57.23	68.63
Literacy rate - Female (%)		66.14				69.39
Literacy rate - Male (%)		76.15				77.56
Literacy rate - Total (%)		70.80				73.22
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		86.26				88.50
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		83.81				84.33
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		85.07	80.37			86.49
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)		3.5
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)		4.6
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	3.7	3.7
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)		4.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	93.39			99.85	98.04	95.93	93.80
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)				98.60	97.33	95.43	93.51
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	96.12	96.22	95.10	99.23	97.68	95.68	93.66
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)			29.80	29.90
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)			25.65	25.42
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)			27.73	27.67
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	1,218,858	1,217,724	1,236,739	1,275,093	1,267,532	1,244,361	1,243,469
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	1,183,306	1,181,715	1,213,966	1,271,170	1,272,842	1,259,344	1,268,996
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	2,402,164	2,399,439	2,450,705	2,546,263	2,540,374	2,503,705	2,512,465
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	59.8	58.3	58.3	58.5	57.9	59.5
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	22.8	21.7	19.2	18.6	20.1	28.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	25.8	23.2	23.9	32.5	23.4
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.1		1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	8.5	8.5	8.2	8.5	8.4
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.3	8.3	8.1	8.5	8.5
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	8.4	8.4	8.1	8.5	8.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	38.94	48.39	61.17	63.04
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	30.35	40.95	54.82	50.95
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	34.56	44.72	58.08	57.06

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	7.6	8.0	8.3	8.5	9.1
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	4,929	5,466	5,968	6,672	7,597

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	120.44	123.24	126.32	135.38	146.59	146.14	151.02		165.24
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	5.94	2.33	2.53	7.18	8.27	-0.31	3.35
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	5.12	-0.50	6.76	11.05	-0.16	0.13	11.79
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	5.94	2.33	2.50	7.18	8.28	-0.31	3.34
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	3.65	2.11	4.53	7.28	7.00	1.36	2.43	8.00	2.50
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	98.64	100.72	105.29	112.96	120.86

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)				0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	373	408	412	424	437
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	388
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	2	2	2	2	2
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	255.88	308	311	315	320
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	264.9
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	214.46	214.46	217	219	222
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	148.1
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	298.39	298.39	310.34	328.01
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	227.8	343.8	353.7	361.9	412
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	182.00	175.00	180.00	194.00	210.00
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	117.3	131.0	191.0	191.0
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	768.73	820.85	533	540	547
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	413.1

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	126.0	133.0	295.0	309.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	28.48	28.59	30.03	29.46
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	364.0	376.0	427.0	443.0	548.0	528.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	864.0	926.0
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	1,122	1,220	1,298	1,307
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	7.3	7.7	8.3	8.4
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	7.98	7.01	7.26		11.10
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	9.08	8.06	8.34		12.70

Transport

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.42	0.45	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.09
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	6,689,158	7,747,019	8,759,619	8,921,533	8,819,217		9,658,548
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	61.87	69.90	77.05	76.46	73.61	78.85	76.49

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	1,055	1,143	1,130	1,341	1,899	2,034	2,259	1,966	2,110
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	2,284	2,474	2,731	2,962	3,067	3,342	3,741	3,649	3,851

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Deposit rate (%) (%)	8.58	7.76	7.59
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	646.64	681.86	720.98
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	646.64	682.44	719.86	787.25	831.55	861.09	899.35
Interest rate - Lending (%)	16.93	17.66	17.03

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	8.3	12.6	12.6	14.6	12.7	12.8	14.3	14.6
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)			-164.9	-155.4	-193.6	-213.5	-472.6	-534.0	-430.9	-510.1
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-1.27	-3.92	-2.68	-2.27	-2.52	-2.57	-5.07	-9.40	-6.86
International reserves - current USD (millions)	654.2	945.1	917.5	1,013	1,179	1,355	1,465	1,806	1,895
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,086	1,035	1,085	1,147	1,225
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	98.17	91.23	93.33	96.28	100.37
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	30.12	36.14	41.21	51.10	56.64	61.14	65.10	81.14
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	26.08	28.33	32.38	36.56	41.32	44.93	49.82	64.64	68.63	67.87

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	8.4	8.7	6.0	5.2	7.7
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-7.49	-11.35	-12.69	-15.31	-9.46	-10.11	-11.88	-11.95	-10.50
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-556.3	-943.4	-1,201.3	-1,335.8	-628.0
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	57.6	27.8	-24.8
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-522.8	-681.8	-823.6
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	257.6	458.9	379.8	342.3	356.4	381.9	353.8	274.1	211.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	837.7	1,152	1,402	2,237
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	13.5	3.8	3.5	47.8	15.7	18.0	5.4
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	12.9	14.6	14.6	17.0
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1.7	2.1	-6.8
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-131.8	-175.6	-228.4	-296.3	-323.2
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	741.0	578.0	536.4	524.2	596.4
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-14.7	-77.3	-272.7	-254.1	-29.8
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)		-23.30
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-14.77	-16.08	-17.47	-17.71	-13.59	-14.23	-14.67	-16.14	-16.53
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-1,150.8	-1,268.6	-1,236.6	-1,309.6	-871.5
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	67.9	64.0	104.1

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	3.80
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)			19.50
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Rwanda

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