ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Somalia

Official language: Somali
Currency: Somali Shilling
Capital City: Mogadishu
Area: 637657km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

18706921.5K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

7.6B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

106.1

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

8.4

₂₀₂₁

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	2.76	4.24	3.61	3.62	3.65	3.19	3.10	3.04	3.07	3.05
Population - Urban (%)	43.20	43.80	44.40
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	52.9	52.9	53.6	54.3	55.1	54.0	53.3	54.1	55.3	56.1
Total fertility rate (per woman)	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.0
Population - Urban (number)	6,014,594	6,273,587	6,544,404	6,827,415	7,122,882	7,431,038	7,752,272	8,086,843	8,434,610	8,795,255
Median age (years)	14.9	15.0	15.0	15.1	15.1	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.3	15.3
Population - Male (number)	6,899,405	7,164,565	7,450,912	7,725,140	8,011,375	8,290,471	8,555,628	8,822,442	9,096,520	9,379,605
Population - Urban (%)	43.24	43.82	44.39	44.97	45.55	46.14	46.73	47.32	47.92	48.52
Population - Total (number)	13,763,907	14,292,847	14,864,221	15,411,094	15,981,301	16,537,016	17,065,581	17,597,511	18,143,379	18,706,922
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	54.9	55.0	55.7	56.4	57.1	56.0	55.3	56.1	57.4	58.1
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	56.9	57.3	57.8	58.6	59.1	58.1	57.4	58.2	59.5	60.2
Population - Female (%)	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.87	49.86
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.22	4.23	4.23	4.24	4.24	4.23	4.23	4.21	4.19	4.16
Population - Female (number)	6,864,502	7,128,282	7,413,310	7,685,954	7,969,926	8,246,545	8,509,954	8,775,069	9,046,859	9,327,317
Population - Male (%)	49.89	49.88	49.87	49.87	49.86	49.86

Health

World Bank, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	126.0	122.0	118.1	113.8	110.3	106.6	103.1	99.9
	139.0	134.8	130.4	126.3	122.6	118.7	115.2	112.1
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)
	140.3	136.5	132.4	128.6	124.5	120.7	117.0
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	27.12	27.98	28.85	29.73	30.62	31.52	32.43	32.56
	128.1	123.7	119.8	116.0	112.4	108.9	105.4
	132.6	128.5	124.2	120.2	116.5	112.9	109.4	106.1
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)					31.10
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	46.00	46.00	46.00	46.00
	134.5	130.3	126.1	122.5	118.6	114.9	111.8

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		69.81						64.65
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)								2.9
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)								1.9
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)								41.03
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)								0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)								28.01
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)							5.46
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)							8.45
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		83.83						76.30
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)				0.89			0.94	0.85
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		75.69						70.47
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)								54.04
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)							250,453
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	243,959,228	272,893,044	303,799,512	305,098,920	347,265,790	339,126,258	362,622,451	384,032,171
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	32,375	33,086	35,462
Industry (%)							7.35
Changes in inventories (US dollars)
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	1,035,873,272	1,067,000,000	994,000,000	1,119,000,000	1,131,000,000	1,178,000,000	1,532,000,000	1,804,000,000
Industry (%)	7.36	7.36	7.36	7.36	7.36	7.36
Services (%)	32.46	32.46	32.46	32.46	32.46	32.46
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	8,798,445,150	9,668,000,000	10,829,000,000	11,013,000,000	12,321,000,000	12,404,000,000	12,980,000,000	14,099,000,000
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	144,083,303	161,975,226	179,351,519	180,604,533	205,566,124	200,567,514	214,592,066	227,239,366
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	183,378,749	205,990,233	228,764,693	229,700,911	261,691,073	255,414,253	273,127,624	289,295,377
Services (%)							32.47
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	3,505,481,262	3,908,532,635	4,363,000,222	4,376,591,400	4,980,809,716	4,866,370,360	5,202,119,844	5,509,388,294
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	546,861,626	609,167,699	680,803,726	682,088,964	776,583,734	758,837,117	811,009,528	859,005,281
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	1.5	1.4	1.5
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	8,798,445,150	10,091,577,282	11,201,256,760	11,550,379,700	11,923,327,304	11,881,175,977	12,262,370,579	12,919,381,467
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	14,940	16,109	15,743	16,736	17,599	17,749	18,857
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	6,627,605,977	7,732,285,982	8,467,416,571	8,720,508,976	9,037,098,062	8,805,469,324	9,097,017,465	9,318,808,690
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	618,903,278	690,155,312	770,479,485	773,267,952	879,699,353	859,554,116	918,923,070	973,129,068
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	773,044,456	850,000,000	1,054,000,000	1,268,000,000	1,392,000,000	1,440,000,000	1,870,000,000	2,699,000,000

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period					4.31
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year					2.90
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)					4.31
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	105.66	108.09	111.22
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100				109.15	113.86
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	1.40	2.30	2.90

Energy

African Union Commission, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	394	406	418
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)				0.0	0.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Import, metric tons (thousands)	0.0
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	383	394	406	419	432
Conventional crude oil - Import (terajoules)	0
Conventional crude oil - Transformation, metric tons (thousands)	0.0
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)			0	0	0
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation (terajoules)	0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	197	209	223
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	350	350	350
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	0
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			223	238	254
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	383	394	406	419	432
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)	0
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	93.00	99.00	105.00
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	84.0	85.0
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)		0.0
Conventional crude oil - Change in stocks (terajoules)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	11	12	12
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	383	394	406
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			113,000	117,000	122,000

Tourism

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.37	0.34	0.00	0.50
	38.70	38.70	65.52		70.00	70.00	70.00
							35,160
	1.76	1.88	2.00
							0.21
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	42.40	46.55	47.89	49.66	51.48	53.48	51.82

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	42.30	46.90	48.80	50.99
	0.00	9.00	18.00		25.00	30.00	30.00
	1.76	1.88	2.00
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	5,836,000	6,653,040	7,119,000	7,653,040
								0.68
	0.6	0.64	0.66		0.61	0.72	0.7
							0.21
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.37	0.34		0.49	0.57	0.55	0.53
	82,000	92,000	98,000		98,000	119,000	119,000
	38.70	38.70	65.52	46.47	80.00	80.00	80.00
							35,160

, 2018=100	46,459,750	21,903,240	14,473,520	9,236,110	24,894,450	45,738,260	12,567,760

International trade

International Road Federation

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	1,038	1,067	994.0	1,119	1,131	1,178	1,305
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	3,987	4,194	4,624	5,123	5,423	5,818	6,370

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	22,254	23,062	23,098

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,261	1,184	1,760
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	0.31	0.62	0.55	0.04	0.37	0.35	-1.13
International reserves - current USD (millions)
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	90.63	82.67	119.41
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	52.25	49.91	50.82	95.56	87.27	67.25	66.69
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,623	1,962
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-6.30	-7.07	-7.75	-6.16	-10.44	-10.80	-14.92
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	303.0	330.0	369.0	408.0	447.0	464.0	455.5
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-318.0	-435.0	-497.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	1,623	1,962

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.05	0.05
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	10.10
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	10.14	10.02	9.90	9.78	9.65	9.53
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		0.83				0.00	0.00	0.00
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		0.83

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Somalia

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