ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

South Africa

Official language: English
Currency: South African Rand
Capital City: Pretoria
Area: 1221037km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Southern African Development Community (SADC), B5, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries

60414.5K

₂₀₂₃

Mid-year population

348.9B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

Under five mortality rate

98.4

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)		8.48					-2.44
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	1.56	1.50	1.44	1.39	1.34	1.29	1.25	1.21
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	1.59	1.33	1.33	1.33
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	65.4	66.1	66.7	67.1	67.4	67.7	67.9	68.2
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	58.7	59.3	59.8	60.2	60.5	60.7	61.0	61.2
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	62.0	62.7	63.2	63.5	63.9	64.1	64.4	64.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)		4.59		4.65
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)		4.41		4.10
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)		5.49		4.75
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)		10.08		8.41
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)		14.10		13.07
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)		13.46		14.51
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)		11.77		12.53
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)		8.23		9.38
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)		5.92		6.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)		4.31		4.32
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)		4.39		4.66
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)		3.56		3.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)		2.76		2.83
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)		6.95		6.68
Population - Female (%)	50.64	50.64	50.65	50.67	50.69	50.72	50.74
Population - Female (thousands)	28,229	28,721	29,004	29,176	29,517	29,879	30,221	30,498	30,726	30,963
Population - Male (%)	49.36	49.36	49.35	49.33	49.31	49.28	49.26
Population - Male (thousands)	26,501	27,155	27,418	27,465	27,822	28,208	28,581	28,895	29,168	29,452
Population - Total (thousands)	54,730	55,877	56,422	56,641	57,340	58,087	58,802	59,392	59,894	60,414
Population - Urban (%)	64.30	64.80	65.30	65.80	66.40	66.90	67.40
Population - Urban (%)	64.30	64.80	65.30	65.80
Population - Urban (thousands)	35,076	35,844	36,601	37,348
Total fertility rate (per woman)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3

Health

World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	97.00
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	5.00	5.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	66.00	66.00

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	94.34	94.69		87.51		95.95
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	95.34	95.48		87.86		96.02
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	94.83	95.08		87.68		95.99
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	96.31	101.90	101.49	99.14	96.59	96.62
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	100.63	109.17	104.84	102.56	100.45	100.10
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	98.49	105.57	103.18	100.86	98.54	98.37
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	106.42	108.75	112.09	109.03	103.97	105.67
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	97.23	110.13	102.34	100.42	97.10	99.49
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	101.80	109.44	107.18	104.70	100.51	102.56
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	23.20		23.96
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	16.43		17.05
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	19.78		20.48
Literacy rate - Female (%)	93.07	93.41		86.46		94.53
Literacy rate - Male (%)	95.29	95.40		87.68		95.55
Literacy rate - Total (%)	94.14	94.37		87.05		95.02
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	99.08	99.23		96.88		98.83
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	98.68	98.68		93.76		97.99
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	98.88	98.96		95.32		98.41
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)	9.8	9.9
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)	10.2	10.4
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	9.9
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	10.0	10.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)		84.62		94.67	89.83	90.19
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)		84.02		90.28	88.17	88.26
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)		95.65		92.45	88.99	89.21
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)		84.28
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)		85.73
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		85.01
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	3,494,040	3,613,399	3,687,169	3,688,961	3,671,331	3,736,263
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	3,701,143	3,942,443	3,882,755	3,893,193	3,897,056	3,952,118
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	7,195,183	7,555,842	7,569,924	7,582,154	7,568,387	7,688,381
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	32.8	30.3
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)		27.8	26.9	27.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)		0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)		1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	6.7	6.9	7.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	7.0	7.4	7.3
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.9	7.2	7.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	5.3	5.1	5.3
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	4.9	5.2	4.8
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	5.1	5.1	5.0
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	1.3		1.3
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.9		0.9
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	1.1		1.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)		90.25
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)		70.62
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)		79.70

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current USD (billions)	350.6	317.5	295.7	348.9
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	3,805	4,051	4,350	4,652

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	124.65	130.27	138.86	146.05	152.63	158.93	164.09	171.51
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	6.14	4.51	6.59	5.18	4.50	4.12	3.25	4.52
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	5.34	5.18	7.07	4.50	4.40	4.03	3.08	5.85
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	6.14	4.51	6.59	5.18	4.50	4.12	3.25	4.52
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	5.33	5.28	6.72	5.20	4.62	4.13	3.27	4.28
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	89.37	94.09	100.41	105.64

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	198,905	214,386	236,469	267,488
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	303	259	260	332
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	232,209	228,566	226,667	231,630
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	4,082	3,720	3,994	4,184
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total nuclear production (Giga watt hours)	13,794	14,347	14,246
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	152	157.24	162.48
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	228,523	227,635	228,082
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	21,536	25,497	25,929	26,386
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	45,971	47,439	50,021
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	47.6	47.1	49.9	53.0	53.5
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	250,540	249,656	255,512	255,512
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	6,314	5,735	5,354
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	9.58	9.45	9.81
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	10,484	9,140	8,807	9,706	9,789	9,064	2,716
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	9,549
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	14,530	13,952	15,121	14,975	15,004
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	81.5	81.9	82.4	82.7	83.0
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	9.96	9.90		9.50
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	9.45	9.39		8.90

Transport

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)	20,500	20,953	20,953	20,953

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	6.69	7.46	8.05	8.44	5.79	3.46
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	6.67	7.39	8.02	8.49	5.83	3.49	3.57	2.48
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	79,280,731	87,999,492	82,412,880	88,497,610	92,427,958	96,972,459
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	145.35	158.88	146.62	155.23	159.93	165.60
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	144.86	157.49	146.06	156.24	161.19	166.94	163.19	168.92

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	110,550	96,086	91,109	104,288	111,285	106,070	93,179	130,636
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	116,262	100,591	89,650	99,924	109,384	103,998	78,322	104,833

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Deposit rate (%) (%)	5.80	6.15
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	10.85	12.76
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	10.85	12.76	14.71	13.32	13.23	14.45
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	5.75	6.25
Interest rate - Lending (%)	9.13	9.42

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	7.2	20.7	14.6	13.3	23.6	20.0	28.2
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)		-193.4	-177.3	-203.9	-200.8	-267.6	-609.2	-564.1	-466.4
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-3.92	-4.37	-3.73	-4.02	-3.74	-4.72	-9.73	-6.41
International reserves - current USD (millions)	49,122	45,887	47,180		51,642	55,056	55,008	57,597
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	1,077	1,420	1,180	1,014
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	19.75	25.69	21.07	17.88
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	38.31	36.82	45.66	47.16	44.24	49.00	51.78
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	43.25	45.20	47.13	48.59	51.59	56.30	69.43	69.13	84.35

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	913.4	825.3	755.4	873.2	928.5
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-4.81	-4.34	-2.68	-2.37	-2.96	-2.58	1.99	3.67
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-17,824.0	-14,567.8	-8,353.4	-8,908.1	-13,381.0
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	5,051	2,700
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	18.0	-0.2	0.0	246.7	0.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	5,771	1,729	2,235	2,008	5,450	5,125	3,062	40,889
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	138,906	126,755	136,837
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	7,669	5,744	4,474	7,371	4,076	3,147	-1,950.8	19.4
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	146,024	154,683	172,827
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-4,652.4	-4,867.4
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-9,335.7	-7,801.3	-8,137.1	-10,488.5	-11,799.9
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-3,176.3	-2,645.9	-1,856.6	-2,872.3	-2,736.9
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-212.8	-481.1	-577.6	-403.6	-533.1
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-53.80
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	-1.63	-1.42	0.48	1.25	0.53	0.59	4.94	6.85
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-5,099.3	-3,639.6	2,218	4,856	1,689

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)		7.60
Land area covered by forest (%)

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South Africa

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