ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

South Africa

Official language: English
Currency: South African Rand
Capital City: Pretoria
Area: 1221037km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Southern African Development Community (SADC), B5, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Mineral-rich countries

58558.3K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

348.9B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

37.1

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

102.3

₂₀₁₆

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	12.40	12.72	12.72	12.48	12.00	11.52	11.12	10.72	10.32	10.00
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	12.72	12.72	12.72	12.72	10.64	10.64	10.64
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	495.5	505.9	515.1	522.9	528.9	533.2	536.5	539.2	541.4	543.4
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	447.9	456.2	463.6	469.8	474.7	478.4	481.3	483.7	485.8	487.8
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	471.2	480.5	488.8	495.8	501.2	505.2	508.3	510.9	513.0	515.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)					36.72		37.20
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)					35.28		32.80
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)					43.92		38.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)					80.64		67.28
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)					112.80		104.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)					107.68		116.08
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)					94.16		100.24
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)					65.84		75.04
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)					47.36		52.48
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)					34.48		34.56
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)					35.12		37.28
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)					28.48		28.48
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)					22.08		22.64
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)					55.60		53.44
Population - Female (%)	403.60	403.36
Population - Female (thousands)	210,734	214,058	217,494	220,961	224,395	227,775	231,107	234,379	237,592
Population - Male (thousands)	205,296	208,603	212,003	215,392	218,696	221,886	224,971	227,961	230,874
Population - Total (thousands)	416,030	422,661	429,497	436,353	443,091	449,661	456,078	462,340	468,466
Population - Urban (%)	501.60	506.40	510.40	514.40	518.40	522.40	526.40	531.20	535.20
Population - Urban (%)	501.60	506.40	510.40	514.40	518.40	522.40	526.40
Population - Urban (thousands)	262,344	268,264	274,400	280,608	286,752	292,808	298,784
Total fertility rate (per woman)	20.6	20.5	20.3	20.1	19.8	19.7	19.4	19.2	19.0	18.9

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Health Organization

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 adolescent women aged 15-19 - Female (per 1,000 population)	565.2				568.0
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	1,232	1,216	1,160	1,120	1,104
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	776.00	776.00	776.00	776.00
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	624.00	632.00	528.00
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00	40.00
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	736.00	736.00	736.00	744.00	744.00
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	512.00	520.00	520.00	528.00	528.00
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	398.4	381.6	347.2	331.2	324.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	736.40	740.72		744.56	747.28
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	754.00	759.68		762.32	763.20
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	744.80	749.84		753.12	754.96
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)	8.6				8.7
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Gender parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	779.04	757.28	759.44	770.48	791.92	802.56
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	762.64	792.96	796.00	805.04	852.48	833.36
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	773.28	775.28	777.84	787.92	822.40	818.08
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	788.08	780.24	829.36	851.36	815.84	839.36
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	675.20	737.84	679.12	777.84	828.16	768.16
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	728.48	758.88	748.32	814.40	822.00	803.52
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)		182.64	188.80	185.60		191.68
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)		130.00	133.52	131.44		136.40
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)		156.08	160.96	158.24		163.84
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)		794.16		792.64	793.84
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)		788.00		789.44	789.44
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	790.32	791.04		791.04	791.68
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)		76.9		78.5	79.4
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)		80.5		81.4	82.8
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	77.6	79.2	79.2	79.2
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)		78.6		79.9	81.0
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)					676.96
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)					672.16
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)					674.56
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)					674.24
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)					685.84
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)					680.08
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics (%)
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Female (%)
Proportion of children at the end of primary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	260.8	263.5	256.2	262.2	242.6
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)					222.2	214.8
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	7.5	7.5	7.5
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	8.3	8.3	8.6
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)		11.0
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)	3.8
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of primary (ratio)
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in reading by the end of primary (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	54.6	53.0	53.2	53.9	55.2	56.1
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	53.4	55.5	55.8	56.3	59.4	58.3
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	53.9	54.2	54.5	55.1	57.4	57.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	39.4	39.0	41.4	42.6	40.8	42.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	33.8	36.9	33.9	38.9	41.4	38.4
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	36.4	37.9	37.4	40.7	41.1	40.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)		10.6	10.8	10.5		10.6
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)		7.6	7.7	7.4		7.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)		9.1	9.3	9.0		9.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)					722.00
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)					564.96
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)					637.60

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	24,189	26,031	28,320	30,443	32,411	34,803	37,214
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	3,331	3,171	2,933	2,805	2,540	2,366	2,791

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	840.16	888.24	939.52	997.20	1,042	1,111	1,168	1,221	1,271
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	40.16	45.76	46.24	49.12	36.08	52.72	41.44	36.00	32.96
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	50.56	46.48	41.92	42.72	41.44	56.56	36.00	35.20	32.24
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	40.16	45.76	46.24	49.12	36.08	52.72	41.44	36.00	32.96
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	49.20	45.36	42.88	42.64	42.24	53.76	41.60
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	609.68	644.24	678.80	714.96	752.72	803.28	845.12

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)			164.7	167.3	196.0	197.8	202.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)		1,600,904	1,594,464	1,591,240	1,715,088	1,891,752	2,139,904
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	1,636,328	1,576,752	1,568,528
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	2,243	2,243	2,384	2,424	2,072	2,080	2,656
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	2,062,859	1,886,125	1,898,792	1,857,672	1,828,528	1,813,336	1,853,040
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	62,867	62,867	32,320	32,656	29,760	31,952	33,472
Electricity - total nuclear production (Giga watt hours)	107,727	113,614	112,848	110,352	114,775	113,966
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	986.72	1,051	1,134	1,216	1,258	1,300
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)		167,328	179,744	172,288	203,976	207,432	211,088
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	353,424	354,232	356,824	367,768	379,512	400,168
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	2,236,682	2,065,899	2,047,478	2,004,320	1,997,248	2,044,096	2,044,096

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	67,176	57,160	51,928	50,512	45,880	42,832
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	67.52	76.08	74	76.64	75.6	78.48
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	85,648	89,616	83,744	83,872	73,120	70,456	77,592
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	66,712	73,504	76,296	76,392
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	96,776	104,552	114,544	116,240	111,616	120,968	119,800	120,032
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	616.8	619.2	719.2	652.0	655.2	659.2	661.6	664.0
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	76.00	79.60	78.00	79.68	79.20		76.00
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	68.88	72.88	74.32	75.60	75.12		71.20

Transport

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)	164,000	164,000	164,000	164,000	167,624	167,624	167,624

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%)	14.00	16.88	24.48	25.68	21.04
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (%)				2.56	3.52
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (%)				0.08	1.36
Fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (%)				9.76	15.36
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	74.64	73.36	57.76	53.52	59.68	64.40	67.52	46.32	27.68
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	271.76	328.00	372.00	392.00	415.36	432.00	449.36
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	512,000,000	547,152,000	614,922,224	634,245,848	703,995,936	659,303,040	707,980,880	739,423,664
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	984.56	1,036	1,145	1,163	1,271	1,173	1,242	1,279	1,325
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (10MB) (thousands)				1,342	1,903
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (256KL2M) (thousands)				32.8	738.6
Number of fixed Internet broadband Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2L10MB) (thousands)				5,173	8,231
Number of fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (thousands)	7,256	8,858	12,922	13,651	11,275
Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)	271.76	328.00	372.00	392.00	415.36
Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (%)	798.32	798.32	798.32	799.20	799.20
Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (%)				760.00	784.00
Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (%)				272.00	432.00
Total official development assistance for biodiversity, by recipient - US dollars (billions)	97.0	247.9	186.3	91.4	85.8

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Deposit rate (%) (%)	45.36	43.52	41.20	46.40	49.20
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	58.08	65.68	77.28	86.80	102.08
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	58.08	65.68	77.28	86.80	102.08	117.68	106.56	105.84	115.60
Interest rate - Central bank (%)	44.00	40.00	40.00	46.00	50.00
Interest rate - Lending (%)	72.00	70.00	68.00	73.04	75.36

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	38.1	62.9	84.9	52.9	62.2	104.9	97.5
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	213.84	160.88	192.72	158	205.52	168.56	143.04
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	11,176	8,527	10,363	8,619	11,362	9,442	8,115
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	305.84	328.00	352.80	375.92	394.72	411.76	424.16	453.68	462.48

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	9,267	8,676	7,765	7,307	6,602	6,043	6,986	7,428
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-17.76	-41.04	-47.04	-42.56	-35.12	-26.08	-18.16
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-74,550.6	-162,519.5	-170,240.2	-142,592.2	-116,542.8	-66,827.1	-71,264.6	-107,048.0
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	-100.2	-8,721.1	61,580	40,408	21,599
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	-49.2	12.5	0.7	144.2	-1.4	0.0	1,974	1.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	33,943	36,471	66,401	46,165	13,835	17,880	10,597
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	1,275,121	1,308,081	1,216,988	1,111,245	1,014,044	1,094,698
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	-2,054.8	23,901	53,192	61,355	45,949	35,796	58,879
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	776,404	894,236	1,029,451	1,168,192	1,237,468	1,382,618
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-34,882.5	-80,446.8	-47,743.3	-37,219.3	-38,938.9
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-86,306.4	-86,367.6	-76,930.6	-74,685.4	-62,410.4	-65,096.7	-83,908.2	-94,398.8
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-15,777.0	-30,408.5	-25,563.8	-25,410.4	-21,167.0	-14,852.9	-22,978.3	-21,895.1
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	-28,159.6	-10,196.7	-9,913.5	-1,702.4	-3,848.8	-4,621.2	-3,229.2	-4,264.9
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)				-430.40
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	55,692	-35,546.7	-57,832.2	-40,794.0	-29,116.6	17,744	38,851	13,511

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	3,817,934
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	6.00
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	5,338	4,603	3,411
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)	1,784
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)					60.80
Land area covered by forest (%)

South Africa

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