ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Eswatini

Official language: English , siSwati
Currency: Lilangani
Capital City:
Area: km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing

1222075.0K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

4.7B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

50.0

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

120.9

₂₀₁₉

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	0.74	0.77	0.78	0.79	0.79	1.09	0.87	0.70	0.81	1.03
Population - Urban (%)	23.30	23.50	23.60
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	52.1	53.5	54.5	55.9	57.0	56.0	53.4	52.7	54.0	58.1
Total fertility rate (per woman)	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7
Population - Urban (number)	307,330	315,075	323,016	331,139	339,434	347,895	356,511	365,285	374,223	383,335
Median age (years)	19.9	20.1	20.4	20.7	21.0	21.3	21.5	21.6	21.7	21.9
Population - Male (number)	557,649	563,119	568,651	574,204	579,801	585,916	591,831	596,167	600,050	605,143
Population - Urban (%)	23.30	23.46	23.63	23.80	23.98	24.17	24.37	24.58	24.79	30.90
Population - Total (number)	1,133,936	1,142,524	1,151,391	1,160,428	1,169,613	1,180,655	1,192,271	1,201,671	1,210,822	1,222,075
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	55.0	56.7	57.9	59.4	60.6	59.7	57.1	56.4	57.7	61.6
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	58.1	60.0	61.5	63.2	64.4	63.7	61.3	60.6	61.9	65.5
Population - Female (%)	50.82	50.71	50.61	50.52	50.43	50.37	50.36	50.39	50.44
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	2.49	2.49	2.48	2.47	2.46	2.45	2.43	2.42	2.41	2.40
Population - Female (number)	576,287	579,406	582,740	586,224	589,812	594,739	600,441	605,504	610,772	616,932
Population - Male (%)	48.21	48.44	48.66	48.85	49.02	49.15

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	57.9	55.3	56.7	53.4	50.7	49.9	46.8	45.5
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	68.7	65.9	67.2	63.2	60.4	59.8	56.2	54.5
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	58.00
	69.7	67.0	68.5	64.6	61.9	61.2	57.4
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	58.8	56.4	57.7	54.3	51.7	51.0	47.6
	63.5	60.6	62.1	58.4	55.6	55.0	51.6	50.0
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	26.80
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	89.00	89.00	89.00	89.00
	64.4	61.8	63.2	59.6	56.9	56.2	52.6

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	124.88	121.76	127.81	127.18	126.37
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	76.04	82.63
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)				96.70		97.08
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)	47.09
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	27.6	27.3	26.6
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	126,644	125,117	124,335	124,022	123,411
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	83.54	83.62	82.38	82.76	84.10
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)	84.79	84.88	82.67	84.53	85.43
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	3.4	3.7
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)	3.3	3.6
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)	76.36	82.34		80.16
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	87.47			88.42		89.28
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	63.60	64.20	64.70	65.20	65.70
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	7.4	7.2	8.4	8.3	8.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	7.7	7.6	8.8	8.8	8.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	3.4	3.6
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	87.50			88.54		89.47
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	76.04	82.41
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)	80.32	84.37	85.37	83.20
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	56.20	56.60	57.10	57.50	58.00
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	119.22	116.80	121.96	121.54	120.86
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	71.10	71.70	72.20	72.80	73.20
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)				94.30		94.76
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	113.53	111.79	116.13	115.91	115.35
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	76.03	82.19
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)					0.82	1.02
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	94.77			95.47		95.89
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)	84.66	86.42		86.39
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)	36.36
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	8.1	7.9	9.3	9.2	9.1
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	87.44			88.29		89.07
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	84.17	84.25	82.52	83.65	84.77
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)	41.70
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	241,404	239,028	237,451	237,074	236,002
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	114,760	113,911	113,116	113,052	112,591
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	15.8	15.6

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	119,269,101	121,490,203	127,104,505	134,705,010	121,386,252	92,943,092	139,815,318	115,119,339
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	51.3	54.7	58.8
Industry (%)	37.57	36.95	35.52	34.95	36.46	33.68	35.04
Changes in inventories (US dollars)
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	1,749,803,895	1,681,301,246	1,915,239,194	1,886,675,656	2,051,994,918	1,788,682,391	2,137,033,428	1,932,699,197
Industry (%)	37.59	37.02	37.42
Services (%)	52.33	53.12	52.61
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	3,607,530,693	3,340,467,956	3,993,499,135	4,138,289,487	3,846,342,130	3,520,606,842	4,036,745,734	3,804,620,000
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	1,287,341,068	1,191,798,394	1,312,112,248	1,354,729,250	1,328,789,430	1,056,269,522	1,264,681,037	1,193,420,352
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	1,331,201,255	1,227,135,276	1,364,086,210	1,416,060,732	1,434,338,994	1,156,556,507	1,394,247,695	1,303,002,202
Services (%)	52.60	53.68	55.64	56.08	54.54	57.32	55.97
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	379,712,375	341,910,091	370,949,834	397,516,741	384,002,579	323,295,408	386,039,812	357,671,635
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	178,079,364	172,063,429	202,091,786	216,615,726	212,537,041	248,683,217	297,395,113	248,682,827
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	4.0	3.7	4.4
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	3,607,530,693	3,610,929,900	3,779,128,374	3,773,181,177	3,711,798,843	3,785,955,780	3,795,744,306	3,871,578,364
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	9,730	9,698	9,457	9,913	10,354	10,285	11,049
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	4,059,223,205	4,102,360,578	4,185,498,158	4,284,637,957	4,400,475,615	4,331,843,915	4,673,336,449	4,600,449,094
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	592,592,571	577,385,155	663,354,641	722,362,367	667,314,290	593,624,344	710,728,920	645,200,297
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	507,998,487	489,975,246	564,746,510	618,093,536	609,988,741	488,371,962	667,535,984	550,318,079

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	4.95	7.85	6.22	4.81	2.60			4.78
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	4.91	8.68	4.71	5.22	2.00			5.59
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	4.95	7.85	6.22	4.81	2.60			4.78
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	276.47	301.22	320.80
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	135.42	146.04	155.13	162.60	166.82		103.86	108.83
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	4.93	8.95	6.50	4.82	2.60	3.87	4.55

Energy

African Union Commission, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	886	904	923
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)				342.0	355.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	347	352	358
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	322	331	340	349	358
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)			358	364	371
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	347	352	358	364	371
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	208	216	225
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	265	265	297	311	73.3
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	0	0
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			225	235	245
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	886	904	923	943	963
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	280.00	285.00	290.00
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	216	221	225	230	234
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	295.8	295.9
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)	39.0	58.0	0.3	0.4
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	216	221	225
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)			53.0	55.0	57.0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	322	331	340
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			290,000	296,000	302,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	3.74		5.70
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	4.60		6.90
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	0.74	0.75
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	14.2	13.2	13.2	16.4	14.3	7.3
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	68.0	38.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	2.6	2.7	3.0	3.1

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	3.89	3.77	3.65
	21.00	21.21	88.00	88.00	88.00	88.00	99.10

	25.64	28.57	30.30

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	82.99	87.09	91.37		100.55	105.28

Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	85.23	89.32	93.53
	0.00	21.00	30.00	37.00	39.00	61.00	80.40
	25.64	28.57	30.30
							58.91
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	941,000	995,000	1,052,000
								2.25

	0.53	0.61	1.35	1.88	2.06	2.31	2.58
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	3.79	3.68	3.56		3.33	3.30
	6,000	7,000	15,542	21,871	24,113	27,314	30,802
	21.00	21.21	95.00	98.00	99.00	99.00	99.10


, 2018=100	1,100	2,884,150	2,507,480	133,760	3,564,790	2,985,510	1,981,460

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	1,665	1,625	1,950	2,068	1,931	1,680
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	1,752	1,681	1,916	1,887	2,052	1,789

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)	9.04
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.76	14.71	13.32	13.23	14.45
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	12.76
Deposit rate (%) (%)	2.27

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	4.8	2.2	6.2	2.7	2.5	5.4	2.9
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-3.2	-5.1	-4.1	-6.1	-4.5	-5.3	-5.6	-6.4
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	92.6	147.5	146.6
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	19.25	24.87	27.63	33.86	39.63	42.11	42.77	57.81
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-6.04	-9.00	-6.85	-9.54	-6.95	-5.38	-5.71
International reserves - current USD (millions)	548.0	564.3		440.7	440.3	545.6	572.3
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	70.23	109.81	107.21
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	11.52	21.19	21.24	17.63	20.62	26.78	25.32
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Capital Account, Capital transfers,General government - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Financial account, Reserve assets, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	26.5	27.4
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Portfolio investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)
Current Account, Primary income, Compensation of employees, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)
Capital Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	12.97	7.87	6.25	1.34	4.32	6.69	0.53
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	34.5	28.3	44.7
Current Account, Secondary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	176.9	253.2	228.5
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Services, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-123.6	-157.0	-236.9
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	41.3	21.4	-56.0	36.5	130.2	40.9	125.9
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	734.4	541.1	553.6
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.0	0.0	0.0
Capital Account, Capital transfers - Net (National Currency)
Net errors and omissions, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	52.9	-15.3	-38.8
Total, Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)	19,549	16,059	15,349	11,619	11,738	14,824	17,072	19,003
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Direct investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Primary income, Investment income, Other investment, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	-0.9	-7.1	65.5	-10.5	22.2	-14.3	58.9
Current Account, Goods and Services,Goods , Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Secondary income, General government, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Current Account, Total, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Current Account, Goods and Services, Goods , General merchandise on a balance of payments basis, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Financial account, Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from financial account), National Currency - Net (National Currency)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	555.1	544.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (balance from current and capital account), Domestic Currency - Net (National Currency)
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	628.2	460.2	600.8
Current Account, Primary income, Net, National Currency - Net (National Currency)

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.89	1.04
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	34.10
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	28.58	28.65	28.72	28.79	28.86	28.93
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		4.10	4.23	4.23	4.26	4.26	4.26	4.26
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		4.10	4.23

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Eswatini

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