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Tunisia

Official language: Arabic,French
Currency: Tunisian Dinar
Capital City: Tunis
Area: 163610km²
Subregional membership(s): North Africa, Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), Oil producing economies, Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

11694.7K

₂₀₁₉

Mid-year population

40.1B

₂₀₁₇

GDP at current prices, USD

13.0

₂₀₁₇

Under five mortality rate

114.7

₂₀₁₆

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	77.4	77.5	77.6	77.7	77.8	78.0	78.2	78.4	78.5	78.7
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	72.8	73.1	73.3	73.5	73.7	73.9	74.1	74.3	74.5	74.7
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	75.0	75.2	75.4	75.6	75.7	75.9	76.1	76.3	76.5	76.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)	4.4					5.4		5.4
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)	5.2					4.4		4.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)	5.9					5.4		5.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)	7.5					7.1		6.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)	9.1					8.9		8.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)	10.2					9.6		9.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)	10.5					9.9		9.6
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)	10.2					9.7		9.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)	9.2					9.1		9.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)	4.8					4.1		4.5
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)	7.9					8.0		8.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)	6.0					6.7		6.8
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)	3.5					5.0		5.4
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)	5.7					6.8		8.0
Population - Female (%)	50.0	50.0	50.0
Population - Female (thousands)	5,332	5,392	5,452	5,513	5,575	5,638	5,703	5,768	5,833	5,897
Population - Male (thousands)	5,303	5,350	5,395	5,440	5,488	5,542	5,601	5,665	5,732	5,798
Population - Total (thousands)	10,635	10,742	10,847	10,953	11,063	11,180	11,304	11,433	11,565	11,695
Population - Urban (%)	66.7	66.9	67.2	67.5	67.8	68.1	68.3	68.6	68.9	69.3
Population - Urban (%)	66.7	66.9	67.2	67.5	67.8	68.1	68.3	68.6
Population - Urban (thousands)	7,092	7,204	7,318	7,434	7,552	7,672	7,794	7,916
Total fertility rate (per woman)	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2

Health

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, World Health Organization

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)	67.0	66.0	64.0	64.0	63.0	62.0
Neo-natal mortality (Per 1,000 live births)	9.9	9.5	9.0	8.7	8.3	8.0	7.7	7.5
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	84.0	84.0	84.0	84.0	84.0
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)			2.3
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	97.0	96.0	96.0	94.0
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
Proportion of population using improved drinking water source - Total (%)	96.0	96.0	97.0	97.0	98.0	98.0
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	89.0	90.0	90.0	91.0	92.0	92.0
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)	17.4	16.5	15.8	15.2	14.6	14.0

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	71.1	71.7	72.2		72.2	74.2
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	87.4	87.8	88.5		86.1	89.6
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	79.1	79.7	80.2		79.0	81.8
Gender parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)		0.9	0.8			0.9
Gender parity index for achievement in reading by the end of lower secondary (ratio)			1.3			1.4
Gender parity index for participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (ratio)
Gender parity index of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained (ratio)						1.0
Gender parity index of teachers in primary education who are trained (ratio)			1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	105.4	106.0	108.4	109.5	111.5	112.7	113.2
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	109.0	109.4	111.2	113.0	114.8	116.0	116.2
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	107.2	107.7	109.8	111.3	113.2	114.3	114.7
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	93.5	94.2					97.9
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	87.6	90.0					88.1
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	90.4	92.1		90.2	87.7	88.2	92.9
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	42.6	43.1	43.0	42.1	43.2	43.3	41.2	41.2
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	27.8	26.8	27.6	26.5	26.4	26.4	24.1	23.2
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	36.1	35.2	35.2	34.2	34.7	34.7	32.6	32.1
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)				95.7	98.5
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)				94.2	96.2
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)				94.9	97.2	94.9	101.4
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)			95.7		95.8
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)			98.0		96.6
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	97.2	97.3	96.9		96.2	98.1
Low to high socio-economic parity status index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)			0.3
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)			5.8				6.4
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)			7.8				7.9
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)			6.8				7.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)	99.1	99.8	98.9	98.7
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)	99.0	99.6	98.8	98.6
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Female (%)
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	17.1	17.4	17.2	17.4	16.5	15.8	16.2
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)	13.3	13.6
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)	17.5	16.8	16.0	14.8	14.5
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	1.4		1.5
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in mathematics by the end of lower secondary (ratio)		0.8	0.7
Rural to urban parity index for achievement in reading by the end of lower secondary (ratio)			0.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.8
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	6.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)							6.9
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)	6.1	6.3					6.2
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)	6.3	6.4		6.3	6.1	6.2	6.5
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.1
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			93.0	95.2	93.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			95.3	92.8	92.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)			94.1	94.0	93.2

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	63.1	64.5	70.4	75.1	80.9	84.6	89.8	96.9
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	44.1	45.8	45.0	46.3	47.6	43.2	41.8	40.1

Prices

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Inflation, all items (index)	99.93	103.48	108.79	115.11	120.78	126.64	131.35	137.21
Inflation, all items - Annual change (%)	3.3	3.6	5.1	5.8	4.9	4.9	3.7	5.3
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	3.3	3.9	5.9	5.7	4.8	4.1	4.2	4.5
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	101.73	105.69	111.94	118.31	123.96	129.00	134.38	140.48

Energy

African Union Commission, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			14,386	14,728	15,190	15,572	16,216	16,901
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	13,551	13,239	14,386	14,729
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0	0	21	21	22
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	15,907	16,332	17,746	17,944	18,458	18,904	19,002	19,281
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	50	54	196.3	60.08	56	2,433	2,475	2,519
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	139	109	112.98	365.2	501	506.48	513.27
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			2,984	2,991	3,173	4,602	4,798	5,014
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	3,773	4,223	4,215	4,545	5,011	5,453	5,768
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	16,096	16,495	18,056	18,369	19,015	3,283	3,365	3,454

Tourism

World Bank, World Tourism Organization, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	611.0	678.0	673.0	768.0	770.0	767.0	823.0
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	15.72	11.24	13.23	13.03	14.1	10.71	10.1
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	3,477	2,529	2,931	2,863	3,042			1,782
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	8,640	6,038
Overnight stays (thousands)			25,921	25,762	24,788	11,170	12,779	15,728
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	120.8	121.1	121.0	120.1	120.0	120.5	117.5	117.2
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	15.9	13.0	14.2	13.4	14.1	11.5		13.0
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	17.7	14.1	15.7	15.0	15.4	12.6		14.2

Transport

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Paved Road (% of total) (%)	76.0	76.3
Total length of railways (kilometre)		2,165	2,165	2,165	3,835

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	12.1	11.3	10.1	9.3	8.5	8.4	8.5	9.7
Internet users per 100 inhabitants (%)	36.8	39.1	41.4	43.8	46.2	46.5	49.6	55.5
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	11,114,206	12,387,656	12,843,889	12,712,365	14,283,633	14,595,875	14,282,078	14,334,080
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	104.5	115.1	118.0	115.4	128.2	129.5	125.3	124.3

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1.43	1.41	1.56	1.62	1.70	1.96

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	10.5	11.5	11.5	10.9	8.5	11.3	11.4	17.2
Net ODA - Per capita (US dollars)	51.71	85.98	93.89	64.88	82.8	42.09	55.02	67.27
Net ODA - US dollars (millions)	550.2	925.2	1,022	714.7	922.7	474.5	627.4	775.8
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	39.2	43.1	47.7	46.8	51.5	55.4	62.3	70.3	77.0	81.6

Balance of payments

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Capital Account net - US dollars (billions)	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Compensation of employees - US dollars (millions)	338.5	345.2	354.2	383.0	385.3	318.7	323.8	346.9
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-4.8	-7.4	-8.3	-8.4	-9.1	-8.9	-8.8	-10.1
Current account balance - US dollars (millions)	-2,104.4	-3,385.7	-3,721.4	-3,878.7	-4,340.6	-3,849.7	-3,694.3	-4,079.7
Errors and omissions - US dollars (millions)	95.2	88.6	74.6	101.4	18.1
Financial Account net - US dollars (millions)	51.8	31.2	19.5	-48.0	20.4	-6.3	33.0	28.0
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	1,513	1,148	1,603	1,117	1,064	1,003	885.0	879.5
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	31,374	31,757	34,059	33,773	31,563	34,689	29,305
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, US dollars (millions)	74.1	21.3	13.4	21.5	21.8	31.1	241.6	57.5
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, US dollars (millions)	287.2	298.8	310.2	309.1	287.4	318.6	286.0
Portfolio Investment (Net) - US dollars (millions)	25.9	43.8	15.4	-80.0	-71.9
Primary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	-1,924.5	-1,978.6	-1,720.9	-1,820.0	-1,428.8	-1,060.7	-915.3	-928.5
Secondary income (Net) - US dollars (millions)	1,935	1,899	2,149	2,250	2,316	1,938	1,707	1,851
Services Balance - US dollars (millions)	2,397	1,440	1,881	1,526	1,333	217.9	238.5	224.0
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)					-13.9
Trade balance - US dollars (millions)	-4,512.0	-4,746.7	-6,030.6	-5,835.5	-6,561.5	-4,944.7	-4,724.4	-5,226.2
Workers remittances (Net) - US dollars (millions)	1,718	1,646	1,902	1,897	1,944

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	26,743	25,643
CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) (Kilograms)	0.24	0.23
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)	43.60	40.50	39.30	38.70
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)	88.0	87.0
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)						6.7
Land area covered by forest (%)	6.5

Tunisia

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