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United Republic of Tanzania

Official language: Swahili, English
Currency: Tanzanian Shilling
Capital City: Dodoma
Area: 947303km²
Subregional membership(s): East Africa, East African Community (EAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Mineral-rich countries

69419073.0K

₂₀₂₄

Mid-year population

GDP at current prices, USD

40.5

₂₀₂₂

Under five mortality rate

95.5

₂₀₂₂

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	3.00	3.40	3.34	3.04	3.00	3.02	2.99	2.93	2.91	2.88
Population - Urban (%)	31.60	32.30	33.10
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	62.4	63.2	63.9	64.5	64.9	64.4	64.2	64.7	65.5	65.9
Total fertility rate (per woman)	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.5
Population - Urban (number)	17,035,213	17,968,436	18,942,828	19,958,545	21,015,391	22,113,353	23,252,740	24,434,383	25,659,393	26,929,194
Median age (years)	16.4	16.4	16.4	16.5	16.6	16.7	16.8	16.9	17.0	17.2
Population - Male (number)	25,860,542	26,813,223	27,762,906	28,679,332	29,563,439	30,475,454	31,417,653	32,370,931	33,337,210	34,324,068
Population - Urban (%)	31.62	32.33	33.05	33.78	34.50	35.23	35.95	36.68	37.41	38.14
Population - Total (number)	52,542,824	54,401,802	56,267,032	58,090,443	59,872,579	61,704,518	63,588,334	65,497,748	67,438,106	69,419,073
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	64.7	65.4	66.0	66.5	67.0	66.4	66.2	66.8	67.6	68.1
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	67.0	67.7	68.2	68.7	69.1	68.5	68.3	68.9	69.8	70.4
Population - Female (%)	50.78	50.71	50.66	50.63	50.62	50.61	50.59	50.58	50.57
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	5.33	5.28	5.22	5.16	5.09	5.02	4.96	4.89	4.83	4.77
Population - Female (number)	26,682,282	27,588,579	28,504,127	29,411,111	30,309,141	31,229,064	32,170,682	33,126,817	34,100,897	35,095,005
Population - Male (%)	49.91	49.92	49.94	49.95	49.96	49.97

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
	50.0	47.8	45.7	43.5	41.8	40.1	38.0	36.6
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)
	59.2	56.7	54.4	52.0	50.1	48.2	45.9	44.2
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	16.00
	61.8	59.7	57.7	55.5	54.1	52.5	50.7
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)	13.70			14.60	11.70			11.40
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		91.40
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	20.74	21.54	22.33	23.12	23.89	24.91	25.01	25.11
	54.0	51.9	49.9	48.1	46.7	45.2	43.4
	54.7	52.4	50.2	47.9	46.0	44.2	42.1	40.5
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	32.10
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)		98.00	98.00
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)	99.00	90.00	99.00	99.00
	58.0	55.8	53.9	51.9	50.4	49.0	47.1

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	82.45	83.38	86.38	91.34	93.96	94.80	94.62	93.48
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)	27.27	26.63	26.62	27.99	28.93	29.30	26.90
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)	84.64						88.70	89.16
Mean years of schooling - Male (years)				6.2
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Female (%)		24.18	25.00	27.31
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)		41.8	47.2	50.6
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	4,079,827	4,265,470	4,628,116	5,046,571	5,300,782	5,443,914	5,557,707	5,636,996
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)	0.1				0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)				5.6
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)		85.38	85.19	82.85	86.23	85.49
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)		81.66	82.01	79.85	82.71	82.39
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Male (years)			1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)	0.3				0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education (ratio)	0.5	0.5			0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)			1.6	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)			90.34	82.39	74.62
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)	77.89							82.02
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	5.22
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	79.56	76.30	75.40	74.05	68.34	74.10	75.37	91.42
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)	5.7	5.8	6.2	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.8
Mean years of schooling - Female (years)				5.0
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)	5.7	5.7	6.1	6.5	6.7	6.7	6.7
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Total (years)			1.6	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)	73.09							78.70
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)	27.14	26.71	26.82	28.71	30.07	30.63	27.91
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)			91.93	84.93	78.57
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	75.26	71.30	70.50	72.08	53.58	69.40	72.57	87.20
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	84.68	85.30	87.62	92.35	94.78	95.88	96.08	95.50
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)	5.83	5.28			3.72	8.30	4.25	5.74
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	3.92
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)	0.2				0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	83.51	83.30	83.10	76.14	80.89	83.60	69.80	83.04
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	2.70	2.75			2.35	6.74	3.17	4.48
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)	87.01						87.50	87.65
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	86.95	87.26	88.88	93.38	95.62	96.98	97.57	97.56
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)	27.01	26.80	27.02	29.43	31.23	31.98	28.92
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)	2.67
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)	0.97			1.01				1.02
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)	85.76						88.10	88.40
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)			93.49	87.50	82.65
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Male (%)		23.70	24.11	25.79
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)	5.6	5.6	6.0	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.6
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)	83.20							85.53
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)	4.16	3.95			3.02	7.51	3.71	5.11
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)		83.50	83.58	81.33	84.45	83.92
Net enrolment rate in secondary education - Total (%)		23.94	24.55	26.55
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	8,298,282	8,638,572	9,315,656	10,111,671	10,605,430	10,925,896	11,196,788	11,420,973
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	4,218,455	4,373,102	4,687,540	5,065,100	5,304,648	5,481,982	5,639,081	5,783,977
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)		15.9	17.1	20.9

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Construction (ISIC F) (US dollars)	5,245,979,802	5,633,516,846	6,502,804,690	7,180,538,455	8,143,164,473	8,909,913,405	9,543,291,104	10,353,203,838
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - National Currency (billions)	90,864	103,169	116,102
Changes in inventories (US dollars)	-32959826.48	-795966202	-1945711880.55	-758563187.03	-2290811672.43	-2743647289.14	-2541141039.21	-1300272828.73
Exports of goods and services (US dollars)	8,104,067,507	8,138,039,992	8,344,707,046	8,309,184,610	9,658,778,388	8,556,158,429	9,508,074,426	11,527,806,421
Industry (%)	20.15	21.15	21.53	19.37	20.07	21.00
Services (%)	55.68	54.73	54.79	57.55	56.71	49.06
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	34,960,273,322	34,340,267,728	36,427,580,830	38,701,948,354	40,413,935,102	43,738,239,228	46,728,152,090	50,829,878,198
Manufacturing (ISIC D) (US dollars)	3,721,856,690	3,889,201,640	4,083,832,705	4,333,906,242	4,594,002,877	4,885,162,209	4,890,547,530	5,251,072,590
Mining, Manufacturing, Utilities (ISIC C-E) (US dollars)	6,355,783,825	6,739,508,339	6,838,372,439	7,583,421,329	8,144,581,780	9,636,967,850	10,372,598,040	12,408,799,831
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing (ISIC A-B) (US dollars)	12,671,826,182	13,660,053,578	15,318,383,777	14,982,105,648	15,928,565,931	16,895,338,841	18,213,877,261	19,293,744,453
Transport, storage and communication (ISIC I) (US dollars)	4,324,109,644	4,266,730,686	4,364,275,578	4,562,922,660	5,102,260,840	5,622,254,557	5,760,146,213	6,047,999,593
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - current prices - US dollars (billions)	45.6	47.4	52.1
Final consumption expenditure (US dollars)	34,960,273,322	35,449,986,286	36,782,253,880	38,910,775,872	39,962,124,941	41,944,521,033	43,947,162,461	44,969,095,508
GDP, PPP - Current, International dollar (millions)	117,377	127,683	134,162	146,926	159,979	169,689	185,390
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US dollars)	47,378,599,806	50,632,143,307	54,056,029,174	57,839,366,774	61,863,231,005	64,849,052,232	68,031,939,192	71,243,031,930
Wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels (ISIC G-H) (US dollars)	5,106,871,731	5,229,335,567	5,583,733,156	5,610,739,243	6,086,166,207	6,234,255,949	6,602,832,813	6,662,007,932
Gross fixed capital formation (including Acquisitions less disposals of valuables) (US dollars)	15,553,569,527	16,810,651,531	19,170,164,207	18,759,527,025	21,708,656,129	26,139,227,284	30,865,217,199	32,033,900,757

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	5.59	5.17	5.32	3.49	3.46	3.29	-46.45	4.37
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	6.84	5.04	3.97	3.25	3.85	3.15	-46.20	4.87
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	5.59	5.17	5.32	3.49	3.46	3.29	-46.45	4.37
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	302.62	317.88	333.77
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	158.02	166.20	175.04	181.15	187.43	193.59	103.68	108.20
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	6.84	5.04	5.00	3.51	3.45	3.00	3.30

Energy

African Union Commission, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	104	111	120
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)				281.0	286.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Import, metric tons (thousands)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	21	23	25
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4,244	4,586	4,685	4,792	4,902
Conventional crude oil - Import (terajoules)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation, metric tons (thousands)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)			25	25	25
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	42	48	51	53	55
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Conventional crude oil - Transformation (terajoules)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	5,195	5,447	5,727
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	7.16	7.34
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)			5,801	6,107	6,450
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	6,394	6,960	7,114	7,277	7,444
Conventional crude oil - Total energy supply (terajoules)
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	2,550	2,578	2,608
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	2,108	2,326	2,378	2,432	2,487
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	1,455	1,457
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)	257.0	276.0	0.6
Conventional crude oil - Change in stocks (terajoules)
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	56	233	235
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)			295.0	319.0	349.0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	4,244	4,586	4,685
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)			2,660,000	2,693,000	2,727,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	10.25		8.20
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	11.78		9.00
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	1,137	1,284	1,327	1,506
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	21.83	23.22
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	1,924	2,149	2,265	2,465	2,625
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	1,329	919.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)

Transport

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)			2,701

Information society

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.28	0.24	0.23	0.22	0.13
	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00	85.00
	10.00	13.50	16.00	19.00	20.00	22.00
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	75.49	73.61	71.01	74.88	79.64	83.01	84.99
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	77.05	75.48	73.09	77.24	82.21
	13.00	13.00	13.00	13.00	13.00	13.00	13.00
	10.00	13.50	16.00	19.00	20.00	22.00
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	39,665,600	40,044,186	39,953,860	43,497,261	47,685,232
								2.64
	0.2	0.59	1.36	1.48	1.74	1.84	1.95
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.27	0.24	0.23	0.21	0.13	0.12	0.11
	106,000	318,474	763,466	861,234	1,039,655	1,135,608	1,243,047
	95.00	95.00	95.00	95.00	95.00	95.00	95.00
, 2018=100	187,294,680	62,745,500	46,003,100	177,766,850	57,439,500	86,828,170	265,192,520

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	11,206	9,492	9,117	10,206	10,363	9,554	11,557
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	8,104	8,138	8,073	8,402	9,787	8,922	9,713

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Interest rate - Lending (%)	16.10
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1,991	2,177	2,229	2,264	2,288
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	1,991
Deposit rate (%) (%)	9.90

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	5.6	8.6	9.8	12.4	12.6	14.6	19.6
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)	-2,989.5	-2,257.5	-1,375.1	-2,492.1	-2,400.9	-1,451.1	-2,002.8	-2,894.4
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	2,582	2,318	2,584
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	39.21	39.80	40.73	40.54	39.04	40.53	40.79	37.36
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-3.17	-2.08	-1.16	-1.93	-1.98	-2.50	-3.28
International reserves - current USD (millions)	4,081	4,351	5,888	5,050
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	47.93	41.71	45.09
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	39.07	39.97	41.13	39.78	39.05	40.97	42.17
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	18,453	19,818
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-936.3
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	294.7
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	-7.75	-4.22	-2.64	-3.06	-2.59	-1.81	-3.33
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	22.5	31.0	39.3
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	-4,440.7	-2,802.5	-2,653.4
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-3,827.4
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	741.7	1,376	1,832
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	1,561	864.0	937.7	971.6	1,217	684.9	921.8
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-4,119.7	-2,154.6	-1,633.7
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.4	0.4	0.4
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-900.2	-1,109.7	-1,214.0
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-27.6
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	18,453	19,818
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	479.4	381.5	402.0

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions - per Capita (metric tons)	0.25	0.23
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)	11.7	11.2	11.8	12.0	12.5
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)	0.20	0.20
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	52.00
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)	54.29	53.76	53.23	52.70	52.17	51.64
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		30.84	30.97	30.97	30.99	31.05	31.05	31.16
Land area covered by forest (%)
Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected (%)		30.84	30.97

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United Republic of Tanzania

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