ECAStats: The ECA statistical data portal

Zambia

Official language: English
Currency: Zambian Kwacha
Capital City: Lusaka
Area: 752612km²
Subregional membership(s): Southern Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Least developed countires, Land-locked Countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Non-Oil Producing, Non-Oil LDCs, Land-locked LDCs, Mineral-rich countries

20569.7K

₂₀₂₃

Mid-year population

21.3B

₂₀₂₁

GDP at current prices, USD

57.7

₂₀₂₁

Under five mortality rate

94.8

₂₀₂₀

Primary enrolment ratio

Population and migration

United Nations Population Division, United Nations Population Fund

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Average annual population growth rate - Total (%)	3.09	3.04	3.13	3.10	3.03	2.99	2.88	2.80	2.72	2.72
Population - Urban (%)	41.40	41.90	42.40	43.00
Life expectancy at birth - Male (years)	58.5	58.8	59.4	59.5	59.7	60.1	59.6	58.5	59.1	60.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 65+ (%)		6.15		6.83
Population - Female (thousands)	7,993	8,248	8,507	8,772	9,041	9,314	9,589	9,864	10,140	10,421
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 35-39 (%)		9.70		10.04
Population - Urban (thousands)	6,464	6,747	7,041	7,346	7,664	7,993	8,336	8,693	9,062	9,446
Total fertility rate (per woman)	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.2
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 45-49 (%)		7.02		7.39
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 55-59 (%)		4.57		4.79
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 20-24 (%)		10.01		9.44
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 40-44 (%)		8.32		8.72
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 10-14 (%)		5.72		4.91
Population - Urban (%)	41.38	41.91	42.44	42.98	43.52	44.07	44.63	45.19	45.76	46.34
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 50-54 (%)		5.63		5.99
Population - Total (thousands)	15,738	16,248	16,768	17,298	17,836	18,380	18,928	19,473	20,018	20,570
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 60-64 (%)		3.72		3.84
Life expectancy at birth - Total (years)	60.7	61.2	61.8	62.1	62.3	62.8	62.4	61.2	61.8	63.0
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 15-19 (%)		8.21		7.00
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 25-29 (%)		11.14		10.98
Life expectancy at birth - Female (years)	62.8	63.5	64.1	64.6	64.9	65.4	65.0	63.9	64.5	65.7
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 0-4 (%)		4.69		4.69
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 5-9 (%)		4.33		4.34
Population - Male (thousands)	7,744	8,000	8,260	8,526	8,795	9,066	9,339	9,609	9,878	10,149
Population - Female (%)	50.79	50.76	50.74	50.71	50.69	50.67	50.66	50.66	50.66	50.66
Annual rate of change of the migrant stock (%)		-2.54					7.05
Migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock - 30-34 (%)		10.79		11.03
Average annual population growth rate - Urban (%)	4.28	4.26	4.25	4.23	4.21	4.20	4.18	4.16	4.15	4.13
Population - Male (%)	49.46	49.48	49.49	49.50	49.51	49.51	49.52

Health

World Bank, World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
	63.7	62.5	59.8	58.7	58.9	57.3	54.5	52.6
Percentage of mothers provided at least one antenatal care - Total (%)	96.00
	75.0	73.6	70.6	69.3	69.3	67.6	64.6	62.5
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities - Total (%)	44.00	44.00
	75.0	73.6	70.6	69.3	69.3	67.6	64.6	62.5
Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age - Total (%)
Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles (%)
	63.7	62.5	59.8	58.7	58.9	57.3	54.5	52.6
	69.5	68.2	65.3	64.2	64.2	62.6	59.7	57.7
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (%)	48.40	47.80
	69.5	68.2	65.3	64.2	64.2	62.6	59.7	57.7

Education

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Statistics Division, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Male (%)	104.15	101.31	97.63	99.09	96.86	95.08	93.57
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Male (%)
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Female (%)					91.63		92.80
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary education - Total (rate)	41.1	42.7	43.3	42.1
Literacy rate - Female (%)					83.08
Primary school enrollment - Male (number)	1,613,748	1,614,268	1,595,804	1,634,219	1,649,488	1,666,537	1,682,968
Ratio of school attendance rate of orphans to school attendance rate of non orphans (%)	0.86
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Female (years)
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)					8.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Female (%)				84.93
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Male (%)				81.43
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Male (years)
School life Expectancy in Secondary - Female (years)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Male (%)
Adult literacy rate - Total (%)		63.38			86.75		87.50
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Male (%)
Primary completion rate - Female (%)	70.80	70.20	69.70	69.30	72.02	68.80	68.80
School life Expectancy in Primary - Female (years)				7.1
Literacy rate - Total (%)					86.75
Mean years of schooling - Total (years)	6.6
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)		1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Total (years)				7.2
Adult literacy rate - Female (%)		55.96			83.08		84.30
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Total (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Male (%)
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary education - Total (rate)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Total (%)
Literacy rate - Male (%)					90.60
Primary completion rate - Total (%)	68.30	67.30	66.50	65.80	70.92	64.80	64.70
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Total (%)	104.33	101.46	98.61	99.24	97.77	96.25	94.78
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Total (%)
School life Expectancy in Tertiary - Total (years)
Primary completion rate - Male (%)	74.10	74.00	73.90	73.70	73.06	73.60	73.70
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Male (%)					92.56		93.50
Gross enrolment ratio in primary - Female (%)	104.52	101.61	99.59	99.39	98.67	97.42	95.98
Gross enrolment ratio in secondary - Female (%)
Gross enrolment ratio in teritiary - Female (%)
Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old (%)					0.99		0.99
Literacy rates of 15-24 years old - Total (%)		65.76			92.09		93.20
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education (ratio)
Survival Rate to the last grade in Primary - Female (%)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (ratio)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
School life Expectancy in Primary - Male (years)				7.2
Adult literacy rate - Male (%)		70.89			90.60
Net enrolment rate in primary education - Total (%)				83.17
Primary school enrollment - Total (number)	3,217,872	3,215,723	3,203,220	3,284,841	3,339,245	3,382,087	3,415,770
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Female (%)
Gross graduation Ratio from Primary education - Total (%)
Primary school enrollment - Female (number)	1,604,124	1,601,455	1,607,416	1,650,622	1,689,757	1,715,550	1,732,802
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary education - Total (rate)

National accounts

United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - National Currency (billions)	167.1	183.4	216.1	246.3
Expenditure on GDP at current purchaser's values - US dollars (billions)	27.2	21.2	21.0	25.9

Prices

Economic Commission for Africa, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Inflation, average, percentage change over previous period	7.81	10.11	17.87	6.58	7.49	9.15	15.73	31.99	11.03
inflation rate: end of period price indices percentage change over previous year	7.86	21.11	7.47	6.09	7.86	11.72	19.23	25.86	9.90
Inflation rate (percentage change of CPI over same period of previous year)	7.81	10.11	17.87	6.58	7.49	9.15	15.73	31.99	11.03
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (index)	145.70	176.46	189.69	200.70
Consumer price index, All item, 2010=100	130.82	144.04	169.78	180.95	194.51	212.31	245.71	324.32	360.11
Inflation, end of period consumer prices (%)	7.86	21.11	7.50	5.80	6.99	9.80	16.35	17.75

Energy

African Union Commission, AfDB, AUC and ECA Joint African Statistical Yearbook, United Nations Statistics Division, U.S. Energy Information Administration

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	14,455	13,442	13,582	13,727
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)					332.0	337.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)	0	0	0	0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	410	404	670	684	699	715
Electricity - total biofuels and waste production (Giga watt hours)				0	0	0
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	3	3	3	3	3	3
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)	10,719	11,270	11,752	12,270
Electricity - total thermal production (Giga watt hours)	670	1,987	3,524	3,598
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)
Electricity - total Solar wind tide wave production (Giga watt hours)	3	3.02	3.04
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2.5	2.4	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0
Electricity - Consumption (Giga watt hours)				11,326	11,825	12,358
Total electricity production (Giga watt hours)	14,455	13,442	11,722	13,171	13,316	13,463
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)	812.00	909.00	935.00	962.00
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	14,042	13,035	11,049	12,484	12,614	12,745
Total electricity installed capacity - kilowatt hours (thousands)	2,452	2,503	2,573
Coal - Production, Tonnes (thousands)	159.0	159.0	169.0	0.3	0.3
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)	14,042	13,035	11,049	11,162
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)				565.0	643.0	786.0
Electricity - total fossil fules production (Giga watt hours)	410	404	670	684
Electricity - total hydro production (Giga watt hours)
Coal - Consumption, Tonnes (thousands)	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oil - Consumption (metric tons)				1,251,000	1,319,000	1,353,000

Tourism

World Bank, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	947.0
Total contribution to employment, tourism (%)	4.67	4.73		5.30
Total contribution to GDP, tourism (%)	6.71	6.74		7.30
International tourism, number of arrivals - Total (thousands)	947.0	932.0	956.0	1,083
International tourism receipts (% of total exports)	5.8	8.03	9.2
International tourism receipts - current USD (millions)	642.0	660.0	683.0	653.0	742.0
International tourism expenditures - current USD (millions)	378.0	400.0	423.0
Rooms in hotels and similar establishments (thousands)	42.6	42.8	32.3	32.5	33.0

Transport

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Paved Road (% of total) (%)
Total length of railways (kilometre)				1,248	1,248

Information society

United Nations Statistics Division, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
					30.40
					44.62
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.74	0.73	0.62	0.60	0.58	0.54
	42.00	53.00	53.00	53.00	76.50	71.80	78.10	95.50
					22.90
	216	1,133	12,831	16,386	41,395	63,506	63,779	59,894
	6.50	8.80	10.30	12.20	14.30	16.80	19.80
					40.90
					14.80
	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.11	0.16	0.14	0.1	0.1
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	64.27	71.13	71.67	77.69	86.74	93.69	100.93	103.97
					45.22
	82	847	764	774	2,883	302	329	2,150
Mobile telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	65.68	72.78	73.44	79.74	89.16	96.41
	0.46	1.34	5.77	43.41	43.41	49.10	57.40	91.20
					51.90
	6.50	8.80	10.30	12.20	14.30	16.80	19.80
					63.60
								21.23
					6.60
					43.97
Mobile telephone subscribers (number)	10,114,867	11,557,725	12,017,034	13,438,539	15,470,270	17,220,607
					32.80
					38.10
									0.43
	0.13	0.14	0.19	0.21	0.4	0.48	0.43	0.41
	0	0.01	0.08	0.09	0.23	0.35	0.34	0.31
Fixed telephone lines (per 100 inhabitants) (%)	0.73	0.71	0.60	0.59	0.56	0.53	0.38	0.34
	20,521	23,390	31,784	35,912	72,228	88,891	82,317	80,592
	78.00	93.00	93.00	93.00	86.90	86.90	82.30	97.10
	20,223	21,410	18,189	18,752	27,950	25,084	18,209	18,548
	0	0.01	0	0	0.02	0	0	0.01
, 2018=100	52,993,360	58,155,170	34,044,750	21,551,700	43,455,970	11,993,000	15,398,580	19,505,940

International trade

International Road Federation, World Bank

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Total trade - Export, current USD (millions)	10,537	7,892	7,403	9,054	9,987	8,073	8,474	11,576
Total trade - Import, current USD (millions)	10,143	9,080	8,097	9,468	9,717	7,961	5,892	7,635

Banking, insurance, financial statistics

International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Statistics Division

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Interest rate - Lending (%)	11.57	13.25
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	6.15	8.63	10.31	9.52	10.46	12.89
Exchange rate, period average (national currency per USD)	6.15	8.63
Deposit rate (%) (%)	7.88	8.99

Government finance fiscal and public sector statistics

World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Debt service ratio - Per export (ratio)	3.6	6.6	9.9	9.2	12.8	31.4	22.2	13.8
Fiscal deficit (% of GDP)		-17.5	-13.2	-18.7	-23.2	-29.5	-47.3	-40.5	-34.8
Net ODA - current USD (millions)	997.7	797.1	964.5	1,023
Total external debt - as % of GDP (%)	36.13	65.78	61.58	66.32	80.52	99.73	140.21	123.17	129.53
General government net lending/borrowing - as % of GDP (%)	-5.80	-9.54	-5.69	-7.50	-8.31	-9.41	-13.78	-8.66
International reserves - current USD (millions)	3,078	2,968	2,353		1,569	1,449	1,203	2,754
Net ODA - Per capita (current USD)	63.87	49.51	58.13	59.87
Total external debt (% of GNI) (%)	34.57	56.52	74.94	92.83	90.82	118.99	151.63	124.71
Net ODA (% of GNI) (%)	3.75

Balance of payments

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Commission for Africa

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	923.4	1,051	1,088
Errors and omissions - current USD (millions)	-47.2
Workers remittances (Net) - current USD (millions)	6.0
Current account balance - as % of GDP (%)	2.14	-2.69	-3.27	-1.68	-1.30	0.56	12.04	6.72
Compensation of employees - current USD (millions)	-28.9
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)	0.60
Trade balance - current USD (millions)	1,625	-74.3	-3.7	364.1	513.9
Financial Account net - current USD (millions)	-383.5
Services Balance - current USD (millions)	-793.5	-570.9	-508.2	-659.8	-731.2
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	1,489	1,305	662.9	1,108	408.4	859.8	-172.8	-456.7
Current account balance - current USD (millions)	-387.3	-767.7	-954.0	-1,006.4	-707.6
Capital Account net - current USD (billions)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Primary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1,516.6	-349.1	-654.0	-1,069.5	-766.2
Outward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Flow, current USD (millions)	-1,706.1	125.1	176.7	-72.0	45.3	696.2	35.4	-453.4
Portfolio Investment (Net) - current USD (millions)	-1,205.5
Trade balance - as % of GDP (%)
Inward flows of Foreign Direct investment - Stock, current USD (millions)	14,891	14,468	14,936
Secondary income (Net) - current USD (millions)	297.4	226.6	211.9	358.8	275.9

Environment

United Nations Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Indicator	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Carbon Dioxide Emission - metric tons (thousands)
Energy use (Kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 (PPP) GDP (per 1,000 population)
Forest Area as % of Land Area (%)		65.40
Consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs in ODP (metric tons)
Land area covered by forest (%)

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Zambia

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